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1、Therava¯daBuddhismTherava¯daBuddhismiswidelyrecognisedastheclassicintroductiontothebranchofBuddhismfoundinSriLankaandpartsofSouthEastAsia.TheBuddhapreachedinnorth-eastIndiainthefifth-centurybce.Heclaimedthathumanbeingsareresponsiblefortheirownsalvation,andputforwardanewidealoftheholylife,establishing
2、amonasticOrdertoenablemenandwomentopursuethatideal.FormostofitshistorythefortunesofTherava¯da,themostconservativeformofBuddhism,havebeenidentifiedwiththoseofthatOrder.UnderthegreatIndianemperor,Asoka,himselfaBuddhist,Therava¯dareachedSriLankainabout250bce.ThereitbecamethereligionoftheSinhalastate,and
3、fromthereitspread,muchlater,toBurmaandThailand.RichardGombrich,aleadingauthorityonTherava¯daBuddhism,hasupdatedhistextandbibliographytotakeaccountofrecentresearch,includinghisdiscoveryofthedateoftheBuddhaandrecentsocialandpoliticaldevelopmentsinSriLanka.HeexploresthelegacyoftheBuddha’spredecessorsan
4、dthesocialandreligiouscontextsinwhichBuddhismhasdevelopedandchangedthroughouthistory.Aboveall,heshowshowithasalwaysinfluencedandbeeninfluencedbyitssocialsurroundingsinawaywhichcontinuestothisday.RichardF.GombrichisAcademicDirectoroftheOxfordCentreforBuddhistStudies,andoneofthemostrenownedBuddhistschol
5、arsintheworld.From1976to2004hewasBodenProfessorofSanskrit,UniversityofOxford.HehasbeenPresidentofthePaliTextSocietyandwasawardedtheSriLankaRanjanadecorationbythePresidentofSriLankain1994andtheSCChakrabortymedalbytheAsiaticSocietyofCalcuttathepreviousyear.HehaswrittenextensivelyonBuddhism,includingHo
6、wBuddhismBegan:theConditionedGenesisoftheEarlyTeachings(Routledge2005);andwithGananathObeyesekere,Buddhismtransformed:ReligiouschangeinSriLanka(1988).TheLibraryofReligiousBeliefsandPracticesSerieseditors:JohnHinnellsandthelateNinianSmartThisseriesprovidespioneeringandscholarlyintroductionstodifferent
7、religionsinareadableform.Itisconcernedwiththebeliefsandprac-ticesofreligionsintheirsocial,culturalandhistoricalsetting.Authorscomefromavarietyofbackgroundsandapproachthestudyofreligiousbeliefsandpract
