Finite Difference Time Domain Method for Electromagnetics With MATLAB Simul.pdf

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1、fdtd_mainSPIB005-Elsherbeni&DemirOctober22,200812:111IntroductiontoFDTDComputationalelectromagnetics(CEM)hasevolvedrapidlyduringthepastdecadetoapointwherenowextremelyaccuratepredictionscanbegivenforavarietyofelectromagneticproblems,includingthescatteringcross-sectionofradartargets

2、andtheprecisedesignofantennasandmicrowavedevices.Ingeneral,commonlyusedCEMmethodstodaycanbeclassifiedintotwocategories.Thefirstisbasedondifferentialequation(DE)methods,whereasthesecondisbasedonintegralequation(IE)methods.BothIEandDEsolutionmethodsarebasedontheapplicationsofMaxwell’s

3、equationsandtheappropriateboundaryconditionsassociatedwiththeproblemtobesolved.Theintegralequationmethodsingeneralprovideapproximationsforintegralequationsintermsoffinitesums,whereasthedifferentialequationmethodsprovideapproximationsfordifferentialequationsasfinitedifferences.Inprev

4、iousyears,mostnumericalelectromagneticanalysishastakenplaceinthefrequencydomainwheretime-harmonicbehaviorisassumed.Frequencydomainwasfavoredovertimedomainbecauseafrequency-domainapproachismoresuitableforobtaininganalyticalsolutionsforcanonicalproblems,whichareusedtoverifythenumeri

5、calresultsobtainedasafirststepbeforedependingonanewlydevelopednumericalmethodforgeneratingdataforreal-worldapplications.Furthermore,theexperimentalhardwareavailableformakingmeasurementsinpastyearswaslargelyconfinedtothefrequency-domainapproach.Therecentdevelopmentoffasterandmorepowe

6、rfulcomputationalresourcesallowedformoreadvancedtime-domainCEMmodels.Morefocusisdirectedtowarddifferentialequationtime-domainapproachesastheyareeasiertoformulateandtoadaptincomputersimulationmodelswithoutcomplexmathematics.Theyalsoprovidemorephysicalinsighttothecharacteristicsofth

7、eproblems.Therefore,anin-depthanalysisandimplementationofthecommonlyusedtime-domaindif-ferentialequationapproach,namely,thefinite-differencetime-domain(FDTD)methodforCEMapplications,iscoveredinthisbook,alongwithapplicationsrelatedtoantennadesigns,microwavefilterdesigns,andradarcross

8、-sectionanalysisofthree-dimension