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1、NanoToday(2012)7,327—343Availableonlineatwww.sciencedirect.comjournalhomepage:www.elsevier.com/locate/nanotodayREVIEWBranchednanowires:SynthesisandenergyapplicationsChuanweiChenga,HongJinFanb,∗aShanghaiKeyLaboratoryofSpecialArtificialMicrostructureMat
2、erialsandTechnology,DepartmentofPhysics,TongjiUniversity,Shanghai200092,PRChinabDivisionofPhysicsandAppliedPhysics,SchoolofPhysicalandMathematicalSciences,NanyangTechnologicalUniversity,637371Singapore,SingaporeReceived10May2012;receivedinrevisedform
3、12June2012;accepted22June2012Availableonline28July2012KEYWORDSSummaryBranchednanowires(orreferredasnanotrees,nanoforests)withtunable3Dmor-Nanobranch;phology,homoorheterogeneousjunction,andinterfaceelectronicalignmentrepresentaNanotree;uniquesystemfor
4、applicationsinenergyconversionandstoragedevices.Comparedwith0DSolarcell;nanoparticlesand1Dnanowires,3Dbranchednanowirespossessadvantagesincludingstruc-Watersplitting;turalhierarchy,highsurfaceareasanddirectelectrontransportpathways.Therefore,branched
5、Supercapacitor;nanowiresareunderthefocusofrecentresearchonenergymaterials.InthisReview,thesyn-Liionbatterythesisofawidevarietyofbranchednanostructuresissummarized.Themethodscovervapourphase,solutionphase,andtheircombinations.AsthemainpartofthisReview
6、,thelatestresultsontheenergyapplicationsofbranchednanowiresinphotovoltaics,photocatalysis,pho-toelectrochemicalwatersplitting,supercapacitorsandLiionbatteriesarehighlighted,andthebenefitsofthe3Dbranchstructureisdiscussed.©2012ElsevierLtd.Allrightsrese
7、rved.Introductionpotentialtomeetourfutureenergydemand.Inthisregard,photovoltaicsandphotocatalysiswatersplittingaretwoEnergyandenvironmentarethetwogreatestchallengesforpromisingwaystowardsefficientsolarenergyutilization21stcenturytokeepourmodernlifeand
8、earthsustainable.[4—12].TheformerconvertsthesunlightintoelectricityWithglobalawarenessofthecrisisofconventionalfossilandthelatercapturessolarenergyandstoresintoH2fuelsandtheirdetrimentalimpactonenvironment,thefuel.Inadditiontoenergygeneration,withthe
