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1、ZAMM·Z.Angew.Math.Mech.88,No.6,436453(2008)/DOI10.1002/zamm.200800013ApplicationofContinuumDamageMechanicsindiscontinuouscrackformation:ForwardextrusionchevronpredictionsCelalSoyarslan1,3,∗,A.ErmanTekkaya1,2,andUgurhanAkyuz31AtılımUniversity,DepartmentofManufacturingEngineering,06836,Ankara,Turkey2U
2、niversityofDortmund,InstituteofFormingTechnologyandLightweightConstruction,44227,Dortmund,Germany3MiddleEastTechnicalUniversity,DepartmentofCivilEngineering,06531,Ankara,TurkeyReceived18January2008,revised19March2008,accepted26March2008Publishedonline23May2008KeywordsFracturemechanisms(formationofce
3、ntralbursts),damagecoupledelasto-plasticity,finitestrain,finiteelements.MSC(2000)00-xxDedicatedtoProfessorPeterHauptontheoccasionofhis70thbirthdayMaterializingContinuumDamageMechanics(CDM),numericalmodelingofdiscreteinternalcracks,namelycentralbursts,indirectforwardextrusionprocessispresented.Accordin
4、gly,inathermodynamicallyconsistentsetting,alocalLemaitrevariantdamagemodelwithquasi-unilateralevolutioniscoupledwithhyperelastic-plasticity.Theformulationsareconstructedintheprincipalaxeswheresimultaneouslocalintegrationschemesareefficientlydeveloped.Tothisend,theframeworkisimplementedasABAQUS/VUMATs
5、ubroutinetobeusedinanexplicitFEsolutionscheme,andutilizedindirectforwardextrusionsimulationsforbearingsteel,100Cr6.Discontinuouscracksareobtainedwiththeelementdeletionprocedure,wheretheelementsreachingthecriticaldamagevalueareremovedfromthemesh.Theperiodicityofthecracksshowswellaccordancewiththeexpe
6、rimentalfacts.Theinvestigationsrevealthat,applicationofthequasi-unilateralconditionstogetherwiththecrackclosureparameterhasanindispensableeffectonthedamageaccumulationzonesbydeterminingtheirinternalorsuperficialcharacter.c2008WILEY-VCHVerlagGmbH&Co.KGaA,Weinheim1IntroductionInmetalformingprocesses,t
7、heaimisnottoexhausttheformabilityreserveofthematerial.Oncethereserveisexhausted,thephysicalpropertiesaredegradedorevencracksoccur,resultinginadefectedproduct.Theformingdesignaims,definingappropriatekin
