Springer.Ontologies.Silver.Bullet.for.Knowledge.Management.and.Electronic.Commerce.Springer.2001.silverbullet2

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1、PrefaceVPreface...VIPreface...July2002???TableofContentsVIITableofContents1Introduction12Concept33Languages133.1XML133.2TheResourceDescriptionFrameworkRDF253.3OntologyLanguages273.4XML,RDF,andOntologyLanguages413.5Anarisingstandard474Tools554.1Asurvey554.2OntobrokerandOn2broker:Earlyresear

2、chprototype674.3TheOntoprisetoolsuite844.4On-To-Knowledge:EvolvingOntologiesforKnowledgeManagement844.5Unicorn875Applications895.1ApplicationareaKnowledgeManagement905.2Applicationareawebcommerce975.3Applicationareaelectronicbusiness1105.4EnterpriseApplicationIntegration121VIIITableofConte

3、nts6ConclusionsandOutlook1257Appendix—SurveyonStandards1317.1SurveyPapers1317.2OntologyStandards1317.3AgentStandards1347.4SEStandards1347.5WWWStandards1367.6Text,Video,andMetadataStandards1387.7ElectronicCommerceStandards(includingwebservices)139References1451Introduction11Introduction21In

4、troduction2Concept32ConceptOntologiesweredevelopedinArtificialIntelligencetofacilitateknow-ledgesharingandreuse.SincethebeginningoftheninetiesontologieshavebecomeapopularresearchtopicinvestigatedbyseveralArtificialIntelligenceresearchcommunities,includingKnowledgeEngineering,natural-langua

5、geprocessingandknowledgerepresentation.Morerecently,thenotionofontologyisalsobecomingwidespreadinfieldssuchasintelligentinformationintegration,cooperativeinformationsystems,informationretrieval,electroniccommerce,andknowledgemanagement.Thereasonontologiesarebecomingsopopularisinlargepartdu

6、etowhattheypromise:asharedandcommonunderstandingofsomedomainthatcanbecommunicatedbetweenpeopleandapplicationsystems.Currentlycomputersarechangingfromsingleisolateddevicestoentrypointsintoaworldwidenetworkofinformationexchangeandbusinesstransactions.Thereforesupportintheexchangeofdata,infor

7、mation,andknowledgeisbecomingthekeyissueincurrentcomputertechnology.Ontologiesprovideasharedandcommonunderstandingofadomainthatcanbecommunicatedbetweenpeopleandapplicationsystems.Providingsharedandcommondomainstructuresisbecomingessential,andontologieswillther