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1、EgonKrauseFluidMechanicsEgonKrauseFluidMechanicsWithProblemsandSolutions,andanAerodynamicLaboratoryWith607FiguresProf.Dr.EgonKrauseRWTHAachenAerodynamischesInstitutWullnerstr.5-7¨52062AachenGermanyISBN3-540-22981-7SpringerBerlinHeidelbergNewYorkLibraryofCongressControlNumber:2004117
2、071Thisworkissubjecttocopyright.Allrightsarereserved,whetherthewholeorpartofthematerialisconcerned,specificallytherightsoftranslation,reprinting,reuseofillustrations,recitation,broa-dcasting,reproductiononmicrofilmorinotherways,andstorageindatabanks.Duplicationofthispublicationorparts
3、thereofispermittedonlyundertheprovisionsoftheGermanCopyrightLawofSeptember9,1965,initscurrentversion,andpermissionforusemustalwaysbeobtainedfromSpringer-Verlag.ViolationsareliabletoprosecutionunderGermanCopyrightLaw.SpringerisapartofSpringerScience+BusinessMediaspringeronline.comcS
4、pringer-VerlagBerlinHeidelberg2005PrintedinGermanyTheuseofgeneraldescriptivenames,registerednames,trademarks,etc.inthispublicationdoesnotimply,evenintheabsenceofaspecificstatement,thatsuchnamesareexemptfromtherelevantprotectivelawsandregulationsandthereforefreeforgeneraluse.Typesetti
5、ng:Dataconversionbytheauthors.FinalprocessingbyPTP-BerlinProtago-TEX-ProductionGmbH,GermanyCover-Design:design&productionGmbH,HeidelbergPrintedonacid-freepaper62/3020Yu-543210PrefaceDuringthepast40yearsnumericalandexperimentalmethodsoffluidmechanicsweresub-stantiallyimproved.Nowadays
6、time-dependentthree-dimensionalflowscanbesimulatedonhigh-performancecomputers,andvelocityandpressuredistributionsandaerodynamicforcesandmomentscanbemeasuredinmodernwindtunnelsforflightregimes,untilrecentlynotaccessibleforresearchinvestigations.Despiteofthisimpressivedevelopmentduringt
7、herecentpastandeven100yearsafterPrandtlintroducedtheboundary-layertheory,thefundamentalsarestillthestartingpointforthesolutionofflowproblems.Inthepresentbooktheimportantbranchesoffluidmechanicsofincompressibleandcompressiblemediaandthebasiclawsde-scribingtheircharacteristicflowbehavior
8、willbeintroduced.Ap
