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1、PrefaceWiththeintroductionofgeneticengineeringofEscherichiacolibyCohen,Boy-erandco-workersin1973,thewaywaspavedforacompletelynewapproachtooptimisationofexistingbiotechprocessesanddevelopmentofcompletelynewones.Thisleadtonewbiotechprocessesfortheproductionofrecombinantpro-teins,e.g.theproducti
2、onofhumaninsulinbyarecombinantE.coli.Withthefurtherdevelopmentingeneticengineeringtechniquesthepossibilityoftoap-plyingthisforoptimisationofclassicalfermentationprocessessoonbecameobvious,andadvancementsingeneticengineeringallowedafarmorerationalapproachtostrainimprovementthantheclassicalappr
3、oachofmutagenesisandscreening,namelyintroductionofdirectedgeneticchangesthroughrDNAtech-nology.In1991,thisledBaileytodiscusstheemergingofanewsciencecalledmetabolicengineering,whichhedefinedas“theimprovementofcellularactivi-tiesbymanipulationsofenzymatic,transport,andregulatoryfunctionsofthece
4、llwiththeuseofrecombinantDNAtechnology”.Initiallymetabolicengineer-ingwassimplythetechnologicalmanifestationofappliedmolecularbiology,butwiththerapiddevelopmentinnewanalytical-andcloningtechniques,ithasbecomepossibletointroducedirectedgeneticchangesrapidlyandsubsequent-lyanalysetheconsequence
5、softheintroducedchangesatthecellularlevel.Inrecentyears,therehasbeenarapiddevelopmentinthefieldofmetabolicengineering,andthishasresultedinextensivenumberofreviewsinthefield(seee.g.Nielsen,2001).,Therehasbeenonetextbookdescribingtheprinciplesandmethodologiesofmetabolicengineering(Stephanopoulo
6、setal.,1998),andamulti-authorbookwithmanyexcellentexamplesofmetabolicengineeringeditedbyLeeandPapoutsakis(1999).Ajournalfullydevotedtothistopichasappeared(www.apnet.com/mbe),therearesessionsonmetabolicengineeringatmostconferencesonbiochemicalengineeringandappliedmicrobiology,andaconferenceser
7、iesdevotedtothistopichasdeveloped.Withthisextensivecover-ageofthisrapidlygrowingresearchfield,itisimpossibletocoverallaspectsofmetabolicengineeringinasingleissueofAdvancesinBiochemicalEnginee-ring/Biotechnology.However,severalkeyexamplesofmet
