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1、00-Titelei02.07.20019:59UhrSeiteIX(Schwarz/ProcessBlackBogen)PrefacePlantsproducemorethan30,000typesofchemicals,includingpharmaceuticals,pigmentsandotherfinechemicals,whichisfourtimesmorethanthoseobtain-edfrommicrobes.Plantcellculturehasbeenreceivinggreatattentionasanalternativefor
2、theproductionofvaluableplant-derivedsecondarymetabolites,sinceithasmanyadvantagesoverwholeplantcultivation.However,muchmoreresearchisrequiredtoenhancethecultureproductivityandreducethepro-cessingcosts,whichisthekeytothecommercializationofplantcellculturepro-cesses.Therecentachievem
3、entsinrelatedbiochemicalengineeringstudiesarereviewedinChapter1.Theeffectofgaseouscompoundsonplantcellbehaviorhasbeenlittlestudied,andChapter2focusesonthesegasconcentrationeffects(includingoxygen,carbondioxide,ethyleneandothers,suchasvolatilehor-moneslikemethyljasmonate)onsecondary
4、metaboliteproductionbyplantcellcultures.Twometabolitesofcurrentinterest,i.e.,theantimalarialartemisinin(knownas“qinghaosu”inChina)thatisproducedbyArtemisiaannua(sweetwormwood)andtaxanesusedforanticancertherapythatareproducedbyspeciesofTaxus,aretakenasexamples.Bioprocessintegrationi
5、sanotherhottopicinplantcellculturetechnology.Becausemostoftheplantsecondarymeta-bolitesaretoxictothecellsathighconcentrationsduringtheculture,removaloftheproductinsituduringtheculturecanleadtotheenhancedproductivity.VariousintegratedbioprocessingtechniquesarediscussedinChapter3.Toi
6、mprovetheproductivityofcommerciallyimportantcompoundsinplantsorplantcellcultures,oreventoproducecompletelynewcompounds,metabolicengineeringofplantsecondarymetabolitepathwayshasopenedanewpromis-ingperspective.Differentstrategiesusedforthegeneticmodificationaredis-cussedinChapter4,in
7、cludingsingle-geneandmultiple-geneapproaches,aswellastheuseofregulatorygenesforincreasingproductivity.Theseapproachesare,amongothers,illustratedwithworkontheterpenoidindolealkaloidbio-synthesis.Withthedevelopmentofgeneticengineeringofplantcellsororgans,alotofrecombinantproductscanb
8、eobtainedincheapplantcellc
