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1、PRACTICALREASONOntheTheoryofActionPIERREBOURDIEU(IIIiStanfordUniversityPressStanford,California1998CONTENTSPRI..FA(JE,vtlACKNOWI-EDC;MENTSxSocialSpaceandSymbolicSpace1Appendix:The"Souiet"VariantandPoliticalCapital14TheNewCapital19Altpendix:SocialSpaceandFieldofPou,er31R
2、ethinkingtheState:GenesisandStructureoftheBureaucraticField35Appendix:TheFamilySpirit64IsaDisinterestedActPossible?75TheEconomyofSymbolicGoods92Appendix:RemarksontheEconomyoftheChurch724TheScholasticPointofView127AParadoxicalFoundationofEthics141lNl)l,X146PREFACESituati
3、onswhereIhaveattemptedtoshowforeignpublicstheuni-versalvalidityofmodelsconstructedinrelationtothespecificcaseofFrancehaveperhapsallowedmetoaddress,intheselectures,whatIbelievetobemostessentialinmywork,thatis,itsmostele-mentaryandfundamentalcharacteristics,which,nodoubtt
4、hroughmyownfault,oftenescapeeventhemostwell-intentionedreadersandcommentators.First,itisaphilosophyofsciencethatonecouldcallrelationalinthatitaccordsprimacytorelations.Althoughcharacteristicofallmodernscience-ifonebelievesauthorsasdifferentasCassirerandBachelard-thisphi
5、losophyisonlyrarelybroughtintoplayinthesocialsciences,undoubtedlybecauseitisverydirectlyopposedtotheconventionsofordinary(orsemi-scholarly)thoughtaboutthesocialworld,whichismorereadilydevotedtosubstantial"real-ities"suchasindividualsandgroupsthantotheobiectiuerelationsw
6、hichonecânnotshow,butwhichmustbecaptured,constructedandvalidatedthroughscientificwork.Next,itisaphilosophyofactiondesignatedattimesasdis-ltositionalwhichnotesthepotentialitiesinscribedinthebodyofirgentsandinthestructureofthesituationswheretheyactor,moreprrccisely,inther
7、elationsbetweenthem.Thisphilosophyiscon-clcnsedinasmallnumberoffundamentalconcepts-habitus,field,capital-anditscornerstoneisthetwo-wayrelationshipbetweenobjcctivcstnrctures(thoseofsocialfields)andincorporatedstruc-trrrt's(tlroscofthchabitus).Itisradicallyopposedtotheant
8、hro-pologit:rlprt'srr1'r1'rosrtiorrsinscribcclinthelanguirg,ewhichsocialvlllPrefacePrefaceiragents,andespecial
