6.descriptive_stats.pdf

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1、DescriptiveStatisticsPurposeofdescriptivestatisticsFrequencydistributionsMeasuresofcentraltendencyMeasuresofdispersionStatisticsasaToolforLISResearchImportanceofstatisticsinresearchSummarizeobservationstoprovideanswerstoresearchquestionsandhypothesesMakegeneralconclusion

2、sbasedonspecificstudyobservationsObjectivelyevaluatereliabilityofstudyconclusions©GaryGeisler♦SimmonsCollege♦LIS403♦Spring,2004StatisticsasaToolforLISResearchMainpurposesofstatisticsinresearchDescribecentralpointinasetofdata/observationsDescribehowbroad,diversified,orvaria

3、blethedatainasetisIndicatewhetherspecficfeaturesofasetofdataarerelated,andhowcloselytheyarerelatedIndicateprobabilityoffeaturesofdatabeinginfluencedbyfactorsotherthansimplychance©GaryGeisler♦SimmonsCollege♦LIS403♦Spring,2004StatisticsasaToolforLISResearchTwomaintypesorbran

4、chesofstatisticsDescriptivestatisticsCharacterizingorsummarizingdatasetPresentingdatainchartsandtablestoclarifycharacteristicsNoinference,justdescribingaparticulargroupofobservationsInferentialstatisticsUsingsampledatatomakegeneralizations(inferences)orestimatesaboutapop

5、ulationStatementsmadeintermsofprobability©GaryGeisler♦SimmonsCollege♦LIS403♦Spring,2004StatisticsasaToolforLISResearchDescriptiveandinferentialstatisticsnotmutuallyexclusiveOverlapinwhatcanbecalled“descriptive”andwhatcanbecalled“inferential”Intentisimportant:Groupofobser

6、vationsintendedtodescribeanevent:descriptiveGroupofobservationscollectedfromasampleandintendedtopredictwhatalargerpopulationislike:inferential©GaryGeisler♦SimmonsCollege♦LIS403♦Spring,2004StatisticsasaToolforLISResearchChoosingstatisticalmethodsTypeofdatacollectedlargely

7、determineschoiceofstatisticalanalysistechniquesDecisionsabouthowandwhattypeofdataiscollectedwilldeterminethespecificstatisticalteststhatcanbeperformedtoanalyzethedataDatacollectedshoulddeterminestatisticaltestsused,nottheotherwayaroundButconsiderationofhowyouwanttoanalyze

8、datashouldbedoneaspartofresearchdesigntoensurestudycanproducethetypeofconclusionsyouwanttomake©GaryGeis