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1、CreativityResearchJournalCopyright2003by2003,Vol.15,Nos.2&3,121–130LawrenceErlbaumAssociates,Inc.Rewards,IntrinsicMotivation,andCreativity:ACaseStudyofConceptualandMethodologicalIsolationRobertEisenbergerUniversityofDelawareLindaShanockUniversityatAlbany,StateUniversityofNewYorkA
2、BSTRACT:Threedecadesofresearchhavefailedtosuggestthatanticipatedrewardsoftenincreasecreativ-producegeneralagreementconcerningtheeffectsofity.ConsiderJamesWatson,thecodiscovereroftherewardoncreativity.Webelievethattheproblemstemsmolecularmechanismforthetransmissionofhumannotfroman
3、ygreatcomplexityofresearchfindings,butheredity.Watson’sautobiographyindicatesextrinsicasprimarilyfromtheclashbetweenromanticandbehav-wellasintrinsicmotivationasasourceofdiscoveryioristworldviewsconcerningbasichumannature.Iso-(Watson,1968).Watsonsavoredthehuntforthege-lationofthes
4、eresearchcampshasproducednarrowneticcode;atthesametime,hegreatlyenjoyedleisureperspectivesandfailurestocorrectpersistingmethod-activities.HisdesiretowinaNobelprizeseemstoologicalflaws.Researchcorrectingtheseflawssug-havebeeninstrumentalinreturninghimtoworkfromgeststhatrewardsforn
5、ovelperformanceincreaseextendedperiodsofdiversion.intrinsicmotivationandcreativity,whereasrewardsScientistsandmathematicians,oftenidentifiedasforconventionalperformancedecreaseintrinsicmoti-paragonsofintrinsicmotivation,includingEinstein,vationandcreativity.Creativemotivationalor
6、ienta-Feynman,vonNeumann,andRamanujan,weretion,enhancedbyrewards,stronglyaffectsinnovativestrengthenedintheirresolvetopursuedifficultre-performance.searchproblemsbytheacclaimtheyanticipatedfromDoNotCopythescientificcommunityorthepublic(Clark,1972;MoviestudiomogulMichaelEisneronce
7、stated,“WeGleick,1992;Kanigel,1991;Lanouette,1992;havenoobligationtomakeart.WehavenoobligationtoMacrae,1992).Personalrecognitionisanimportantmakeastatement.Tomakemoneyisouronlyobjec-motivatingforceformostcreativescientists.Theyaretive”(Friend,2000,p.212).AccordingtoFriend,careful
8、toestablishpriorityofdiscoveryandareEisn
