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1、BUILDINGTHEMEIJISTATEThedeathsofKido,Saigo¯,andO¯kuboattheendofthefirstdecadeoftheMeijiperiodmovedthenextgroupintoleadershipslots.TheMeijileaderswerebyanymeasurearemarkableas-semblage.Ifwetake1880asthedatebywhichtheleadershiphadbecomefirm,someinterestingfactsemerge.IwakuraTo-momi,atfifty
2、-fivetheseniorfigure,wasasurvivoroftheorigi-nalteam,buthewastoliveonlythreemoreyears.Theothersaveragedfortyyearsofageandwereyoungmenintheprimeoflife.TheyhadbeenbornassamuraiofmodestrankinthedomainsthatledtheRestorationmovement.Two(ItagakiTai-sukeandGoto¯Sho¯jiro¯)werefromTosa,andone(O¯k
3、umaShi-genobu)fromSaga,buttheyweresoonmuscledoutbythosefromCho¯shu¯andSatsuma.ItwasthemilitarystrengthofthosedomainsthatbroughtabouttheRestoration,andthenewlead-ershad,withoutexception,participatedinthosewars.Ito¯Hiro-bumiandInoueKaoruweremembersoftheoriginalgroupofsangi(councillors)o
4、ftheinfantMeijigovernment;theotherssoonjoinedthem,andtheykepttheirseatsasitsnumbersshrankfrom106to26andfinallyto7whenthemoderncabinetsystemreplacedthatdesignationin1885.Keymembersofthegrouphadbeenoverseas;Ito¯HirobumiandInoueKaoruweremembersofthelittlegroupthatCho¯shu¯senttoEnglandinth
5、e1860s,whileotherslikeYamagataAritomo(Cho¯shu¯)andMatsukataMasayoshi(Satsuma)weresoonabroadinvestigatingmilitaryandfinancialsystems.Theyweregivenlowerbureau-craticpostsintheinitialroundofassignments,butthe1870ssawthemmoveuprapidlyasSatsumaandCho¯shu¯controlasserteditself.Intheirearlytw
6、entieswhentheboy-emperorMutsuhitoassumedhisrolein1867,theyremainedhiscouncil-lorsandservantsashematuredinhistwentiesandthirties.Beginningin1889heexpressedhisdebtbyaseriesofproclama-372TheMakingofModernJapantionsdesignatingthemhisgenkun,“meritoriouselders,”atitleChina’semper-orshadsome
7、timesgrantedministersatthefoundingofdynasties.Incommonusagethisbecamegenro¯.Thethronealsohonoredthemwithtitlesinthenewaristocracythatformed,andwithmonetarygifts;thosebenefits,thoughhardlynominal,wereeclipsedbytheadvantagesthatcametotheminanascentandfast-growingcapitalisteconomy.Interma
8、rriag
