探析复合型原油破乳剂和脱钙剂的优化研究

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1、分类号:学校代码:10128UDC:学号:20041227硕士学位论文（题目:复合型原油破乳剂和脱钙剂的优化研究英文题目:OptimizedStudyonRecombinationDemulsificationandDecalcifyingAgentofCrudeOil研究生:黄泾学科名称:化学工艺指导教师:牟占军教授唐娜副教授二○○七年六月摘要原油中含量较高的钠、钙、铁、镍、钒等金属元素对催化剂性能的影响很大。电脱盐过程是石油炼制中的重要环节，其目的是脱除原油中使催化剂中毒的有害金属。新型、高效原油脱钙剂的研制对于提高重质原油的加工性能以及提高轻油收率具有重要意义。本

2、文选用华北油田原油和渤海油田原油开展实验研究。采用静态脱水和电脱水的方法进行破乳剂的筛选与评价，通过原油电脱盐实验装置进行原油脱钙剂的筛选和评价。采用正交试验设计，研究了破乳剂单剂及其复配剂对原油破乳脱钙性能的影响，并考察了pH值、混合强度、有机小分子、注水率等因素对原油破乳脱钙性能的影响。将复配的脱钙剂和复配破乳剂应用于华北油田原油和渤海原油的电脱盐过程。研究结果表明，复配破乳剂tj231、复配脱钙剂tj363两种助剂，在电脱盐条件为恒时10min、破乳剂用量50mg/l、脱钙剂150mg/l、低压600V、低压时间30min、高压1000V、高压时间20min、破乳

3、温度80℃的条件下，原油最佳脱水率可以达到99.6%，华北油田原油脱钙率最高为84.28%，渤海原油脱钙率最高为76.23%。本文针对华北油田原油和渤海原油的性质，研制了破乳脱钙剂具有广阔的应用前景。关键词：原油；破乳剂；脱钙剂；电脱盐AbstractThemetallicelementssuchassodium,calcium,iron,nickel,vanadiumetalhavehigherconcentinthecrudeoil,whichhasprodigiousinfluenceonthecatalystperformance.Thedesalinizati

4、onprocessisimportantpartinthepetroleumrefinement;theaimofdesalinationisthatremovestheharmfulmetalwhichcausepoisoningofcatalystinthecrudeoil.Thedevelopmentofanewhighlyeffectivedecalcifyingagentofcrudeoilhasthevitalsignificance,whichcanimprovetheprocessabilityofheavyoilaswellasenhancesligh

5、toilyield.TheexperimentsarecarriedoutwiththecrudeoilofHuabeiOilfieldandBohaiOilfield.Thestaticdehydrationandelectricdehydrationmethodsareadoptedtoevaluateandscreenthedemulsifierprepared,thecrudeoildecalcifyingagentisscreenedandevaluatedusingdesalinationinstrument.Meantime,wehavestudiedwh

6、ataffecttheperformancedemulsificationanddecalcificationofcrudeoil,suchaspH,mixedintensity,smallorganicmolecules,affusionrate,andsooninthispaper;andtheorthogonalexperimentaldesignmethodisusedduringthisprocess.Theexperimentalresultshaveshownthatthecomplexdemulsifiertj231anddecalcifyingagen

7、ttj363hasagoodperformanceusingintheelectricitydesalinizationprocessofHuabeioilfieldcrudeoilandtheBohaioilfieldcrudeoil.Theelectricitydesalinizationconditionsare:theconstanttimeis10min;demulsifierconcentrationis50mg/l;thedecalcifyingagentconcentrationis150mg/l;thelow-press