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1、TheCprogrammingLanguageByBrianW.KernighanandDennisM.Ritchie.PublishedbyPrentice-Hallin1988ISBN0-13-110362-8(paperback)ISBN0-13-110370-9TheCProgrammingLanguagePrefaceThecomputingworldhasundergonearevolutionsincethepublicationofTheCProgrammingLanguagein1978.Bi
2、gcomputersaremuchbigger,andpersonalcomputershavecapabilitiesthatrivalmainframesofadecadeago.Duringthistime,Chaschangedtoo,althoughonlymodestly,andithasspreadfarbeyonditsoriginsasthelanguageoftheUNIXoperatingsystem.ThegrowingpopularityofC,thechangesinthelangu
3、ageovertheyears,andthecreationofcompilersbygroupsnotinvolvedinitsdesign,combinedtodemonstrateaneedforamorepreciseandmorecontemporarydefinitionofthelanguagethanthefirsteditionofthisbookprovided.In1983,theAmericanNationalStandardsInstitute(ANSI)establishedacom
4、mitteewhosegoalwastoproduce``anunambiguousandmachine-independentdefinitionofthelanguageC'',whilestillretainingitsspirit.TheresultistheANSIstandardforC.Thestandardformalizesconstructionsthatwerehintedbutnotdescribedinthefirstedition,particularlystructureassig
5、nmentandenumerations.Itprovidesanewformoffunctiondeclarationthatpermitscross-checkingofdefinitionwithuse.Itspecifiesastandardlibrary,withanextensivesetoffunctionsforperforminginputandoutput,memorymanagement,stringmanipulation,andsimilartasks.Itmakespreciseth
6、ebehavioroffeaturesthatwerenotspelledoutintheoriginaldefinition,andatthesametimestatesexplicitlywhichaspectsofthelanguageremainmachine-dependent.ThisSecondEditionofTheCProgrammingLanguagedescribesCasdefinedbytheANSIstandard.Althoughwehavenotedtheplaceswheret
7、helanguagehasevolved,wehavechosentowriteexclusivelyinthenewform.Forthemostpart,thismakesnosignificantdifference;themostvisiblechangeisthenewformoffunctiondeclarationanddefinition.Moderncompilersalreadysupportmostfeaturesofthestandard.Wehavetriedtoretainthebr
8、evityofthefirstedition.Cisnotabiglanguage,anditisnotwellservedbyabigbook.Wehaveimprovedtheexpositionofcriticalfeatures,suchaspointers,thatarecentraltoCprogramming.Wehaverefinedtheoriginalexample
