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1、GOVERNINGTHECOMMONSTHEPOLITICALECONOMYOFINSTITUTIONSANDDECISIONSEditorsJamesE.Alt,HarvardUniversityDouglassC.North,WashingtonUmversityinSt.LouisOtherbooksintheseriesJamesE.AltandKennethShepsle,eds.,PerspectivesonPositivePoliticalEconomyYoramBarzel,EconomicAnalysisofPr
2、opertyRightsRobertBates,BeyondtheMiracleoftheMarket:ThePoliticalEconomyofAgrarianDevelopmentinKenyaGaryW.Cox,TheEfficientSecret:TheCabinetandtheDevelopmentofPoliticalPartiesinVictorianEnglandLeifLewin,IdeologyandStrategy:ACenturyofSwedishPolitics(EnglishEdition)GaryLi
3、becap,ContractingforPropertyRightsMatthewD.McCubbinsandTerrySullivan,eds.,Congress:StructureandPolicyDouglassC.North,Institutions,InstitutionalChange,andEconomicPerformanceCharlesStewartIII,BudgetReformPolitics:TheDesignoftheAppropriationsProcessintheHouseofRepresenta
4、tives,1865-1921GOVERNINGTHECOMMONSTheevolutionofinstitutionsforcollectiveactionELINOROSTROMIndianaUniversity.....�.....CAMBRIDGE;::UNIVERSITYPRESSPublishedbythePressSyndicateoftheUniversityofCambridgeThePittBuilding,TrumpingtonStreet,CambridgeCB240West20thStreet,NewYo
5、rk,NY10011-4211,USA10StamfordRoad,Oakleigh,Melborne3166,Australia©CambridgeUniversityPress1990Firstpublished1990Reprinted1991,1992,1993,1994(twice)PrintedintheUnitedStatesofAmericaLibraryofCongressCataloging-in-Public.ationDataavailableAc.ataloguerecordforthisbookisav
6、ailablefromtheBritishLibrary.ISBN0-521-37101-5hardbackISBN0-521-40599-8paperbackToVincentForhisloveandcontestationContentsSerieseditors'prefacepagexiPrefaceXlllCHAPTER1REFLECTIONSONTHECOMMONS1Threeinfluentialmodels2Thetragedyofthecommons2Theprisoner'sdilemmagame3Thelo
7、gicofcollectiveaction5Themetaphoricaluseofmodels7Currentpolicyprescriptions8Leviathanasthe"only"way8Privatizationasthe"only"way12The"only"way?13Analternativesolution15Anempiricalalternative18Policyprescriptionsasmetaphors21Policiesbasedonmetaphorscanbeharmful23Achalle
8、nge23CHAPTER2ANINSTITUTIONALAPPROACHTOTHESTUDYOFSELF-ORGANIZATIONANDSELF-GOVERNANCEINCPRSITUATIONS29TheCPRsituation30CPRsand
