Natural Language Annotation for Machine Learning.pdf

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1、www.it-ebooks.infoNaturalLanguageAnnotationforMachineLearningJamesPustejovskyandAmberStubbsBeijing•Cambridge•Farnham•Köln•Sebastopol•Tokyowww.it-ebooks.infoNaturalLanguageAnnotationforMachineLearningbyJamesPustejovskyandAmberStubbsRevisionHistoryforthe:2

2、012-03-06Earlyreleaserevision12012-03-26Earlyreleaserevision2Seehttp://oreilly.com/catalog/errata.csp?isbn=9781449306663forreleasedetails.ISBN:978-1-449-30666-31332788036www.it-ebooks.infoTableofContentsPreface............................................

3、..........................v1.TheBasics.............................................................1TheImportanceofLanguageAnnotation1TheLayersofLinguisticDescription2WhatisNaturalLanguageProcessing?4ABriefHistoryofCorpusLinguistics5WhatisaCorpus?7EarlyU

4、seofCorpora9CorporaToday12KindsofAnnotation13LanguageDataandMachineLearning18Classification19Clustering19StructuredPatternInduction19TheAnnotationDevelopmentCycle20Modelthephenomenon21AnnotatewiththeSpecification24TrainandTestthealgorithmsoverthecorpus25

5、Evaluatetheresults26RevisetheModelandAlgorithms27Summary282.DefiningYourGoalandDataset..........................................31Definingagoal31TheStatementofPurpose32RefiningyourGoal:InformativityversusCorrectness33Backgroundresearch38LanguageResources

6、39OrganizationsandConferences39NLPChallenges40iiiwww.it-ebooks.infoAssemblingyourdataset40CollectingdatafromtheInternet41Elicitingdatafrompeople41Preparingyourdataforannotation42Metadata42Pre-processeddata43Thesizeofyourcorpus44ExistingCorpora44Distribut

7、ionswithincorpora45Summary473.BuildingYourModelandSpecification....................................49SomeExampleModelsandSpecs49Filmgenreclassification52AddingNamedEntities53SemanticRoles54Adopting(ornotAdopting)ExistingModels55CreatingyourownModelandSpe

8、cification:GeneralityversusSpecif-icity56UsingExistingModelsandSpecifications58UsingModelswithoutSpecifications59DifferentKindsofStandards60ISOStandards60Community-drivenstandards63Otherstandardsaffectingannotation63Summar