N.Gregory Mankiw－Principles of Economics.Third Edition .pdf

《N.Gregory Mankiw－Principles of Economics.Third Edition .pdf》由会员上传分享，免费在线阅读，更多相关内容在学术论文-天天文库。

1、INTHISCHAPTERYOUWILL...LearnthateconomicsisabouttheallocationofscarceresourcesExaminesomeofthetradeoffsthatpeoplefaceLearnthemeaningofopportunitycostSeehowtousemarginalreasoningwhenmakingdecisionsDiscusshowincentivesaffectTENPRINCIPLESpeople’sbehaviorOFECONOMICSConsiderwhytradeamongpeopl

2、eorThewordeconomycomesfromtheGreekwordfor“onewhomanagesahouse-nationscanbegoodhold.”Atfirst,thisoriginmightseempeculiar.But,infact,householdsandforeveryoneeconomieshavemuchincommon.Ahouseholdfacesmanydecisions.Itmustdecidewhichmembersofthehouseholddowhichtasksandwhateachmembergetsinretur

3、n:Whocooksdin-ner?Whodoesthelaundry?Whogetstheextradessertatdinner?WhogetstoDiscusswhymarketschoosewhatTVshowtowatch?Inshort,thehouseholdmustallocateitsscarcere-areagood,butnotsourcesamongitsvariousmembers,takingintoaccounteachmember’sabilities,perfect,waytoefforts,anddesires.allocateres

4、ourcesLikeahousehold,asocietyfacesmanydecisions.Asocietymustdecidewhatjobswillbedoneandwhowilldothem.Itneedssomepeopletogrowfood,otherpeopletomakeclothing,andstillotherstodesigncomputersoftware.Oncesoci-Learnwhatetyhasallocatedpeople(aswellasland,buildings,andmachines)tovariousjobs,deter

5、minessometrendsintheoveralleconomy34PARTONEINTRODUCTIONitmustalsoallocatetheoutputofgoodsandservicesthattheyproduce.Itmustdecidewhowilleatcaviarandwhowilleatpotatoes.ItmustdecidewhowilldriveaPorscheandwhowilltakethebus.Themanagementofsociety’sresourcesisimportantbecauseresourcesarescarci

6、tyscarce.Scarcitymeansthatsocietyhaslimitedresourcesandthereforecannotpro-thelimitednatureofsociety’sduceallthegoodsandservicespeoplewishtohave.Justasahouseholdcannotresourcesgiveeverymembereverythingheorshewants,asocietycannotgiveeveryindi-vidualthehigheststandardoflivingtowhichheorshem

7、ightaspire.economicsEconomicsisthestudyofhowsocietymanagesitsscarceresources.Inmostthestudyofhowsocietymanagesitssocieties,resourcesareallocatednotbyasinglecentralplannerbutthroughthescarceresourcescombinedactionsofmillionsofhouseholdsandfirms.Economiststhereforestudyhowp