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1、JournalofPragmatics35(2003)523–538www.elsevier.com/locate/pragmaModellingconversationalpragmaticsincommunicationaidsJohnTodmana,*,NormanAlmbaDepartmentofPsychology,UniversityofDundee,DundeeDD14HN,Scotland,UKbDepartmentofAppliedComputing,UniversityofDundee,DundeeDD14HN,Scotland,UK
2、Received7March2000;receivedinrevisedform19August2002AbstractNon-speakingusersofcommunicationaidshavearangeofpragmaticconversationalgoals.Thesemaybeclassifiedbroadlyastransactionalorinteractionalandintermsoftheirimme-diacyordistance.Aphrase-creationapproachtothedesignofassistivedev
3、icesmaybewellsuitedtotheachievementofsometransactionalgoals.However,assistivedevicesbasedontheselectionofpre-storedphrasesmaybeparticularlyusefulforachievingshort-terminter-actionalgoals,forwhichspeedofrespondingiscruciallyimportant.Designersofcommuni-cationaidshavebeguntomodelpr
4、agmaticaspectsofnaturalconversationinanattempttohelpuserstoachievetheirinteractionalgoalsinparticular.Someapproachestoconver-sationalmodellingarediscussedinordertoindicatehowresearchonthepragmaticsofnaturalconversationmighthelpineffortstofurtherenhancetheeffectivenessofassistivedev
5、ices.#2003ElsevierScienceB.V.Allrightsreserved.Keywords:Conversation;Communication;Aidedcommunication;Conversationalmodelling;Vocadesign;Conversationalrate1.IntroductionPeoplewhohaveaphysicalimpairmentthatmakesthemunabletocommunicatethroughspeechfaceimmensedifficulties.Becauseofthe
6、importanceofinterpersonalcommunicationinhumansociety,ifanindividualhasdifficultyindailycommuni-cation,theirabilitytofunctionfullyasahumanbeingissubstantiallyreduced.*Correspondingauthor.Tel.:+44-1382-344615;fax:+44-1382-229993.E-mailaddress:j.todman@dundee.ac.uk(J.Todman).0378-2166
7、/03/$-seefrontmatter#2003ElsevierScienceB.V.Allrightsreserved.PII:S0378-2166(02)00130-3524J.Todman/JournalofPragmatics35(2003)523–538Researchisproceedingonwaysinwhichincreasinglyportable,lowcost,andpowerfulinformationtechnologymightbeabletohelpsuchpeopletocommu-nicateviacomputer-
8、basedspeechoutputsystems.Theproblemcanbe
