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1、KantandtheEmpiricists:UnderstandingUnderstandingWAYNEWAXMANOXFORDUNIVERSITYPRESSKANTANDTHEEMPIRICISTSThispageintentionallyleftblankKANTANDTHEEMPIRICISTSUnderstandingUnderstandingWAYNEWAXMAN120053OxfordUniversityPress,Inc.,publishesworksthatfurtherOxfordUniversity'sobjectiveofexcelle
2、nceinresearch,scholarship,andeducation.OxfordNewYorkAucklandCapeTownDaresSalaamHongKongKarachiKualaLumpurMadridMelbourneMexicoCityNairobiNewDelhiShanghaiTaipeiTorontoWithofficesinArgentinaAustriaBrazilChileCzechRepublicFranceGreeceGuatemalaHungaryItalyJapanPolandPortugalSingaporeSou
3、thKoreaSwitzerlandThailandTurkeyUkraineVietnamCopyright©2005byOxfordUniversityPress,Inc.PublishedbyOxfordUniversityPress,Inc.198MadisonAvenue,NewYork,NewYork10016www.oup.comOxfordisaregisteredtrademarkofOxfordUniversityPressAllrightsreserved.Nopartofthispublicationmaybereproduced,st
4、oredinaretrievalsystem,ortransmitted,inanyformorbyanymeans,electronic,mechanical,photocopying,recording,orotherwise,withoutthepriorpermissionofOxfordUniversityPress.LibraryofCongressCataloging-in-PublicationDataWaxman,Wayne.Kantandtheempiricists:understandingunderstanding/WayneWaxma
5、n.p.cm.Includesbibliographicalreferencesandindex.ISBN-13987-0-19-517739-8ISBN0-19-517739-81.Kant,Immanuel,1724–1804.2.Knowledge,Theoryof—History.3Empiricism—History.4.Philosophy,British.I.Title.B2799.K7W392005146'.44—dc222004049234246897531PrintedintheUnitedStatesofAmericaonacid-fre
6、epaperforAlison,withoutwhosesupportineverywaynothingwouldhavebeenpossibleThispageintentionallyleftblankPrefaceThisbookisasystematicattempttoreadKantthroughtheBritishEmpiricists,andtheBritishEmpiriciststhroughKant.Itis,sofarasIknow,thefirstworkofitskind,andwaswritteninthebeliefthatth
7、ereisanaffinitybetweentheirtheoriesofunderstandingandselfsofundamentalandimportantthat,inthecasesofHumeandKantparticularly,theirdifferencespalebycomparisonwithwhatunitesthem.Becausethisinterpretationrunscontrarytotheprevailingcontemporaryoutlook,Ihaveundertakentoexaminethephilosophi
8、esofLocke,Berkeley,
