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1、GeographicInformationSystemsandScience:TodayandTomorrowMichaelF.GoodchildUniversityofCaliforniaSantaBarbaraGeospatialtechnologies•PositioningontheEarth’ssurface–GPS,RFID•Acquisitionsystems–remotesensing–volunteeredgeographicinformation•Datadissemination–geoportals–virtualglobes•Ana
2、lysis–searchingforpatternsandanomalies–testinghypotheses,modelingchangePositioningtechnologies•Navigation–sextant–chronometerPositioningtechnologies•Surveying–measurementwithrespecttoaknownpoint–tape,compass,clinometer•GPS,Galileo–accuratetimingofsignalsfromsatellites–easilyincorpo
3、ratedintomobiledevicesDynamicgeographicinformation•Livefeedtodesktop,laptop,mobilephone–integratedwithothermapdata–www.aircoach.ieRFID•Radiofrequencyidentification–scanningwithoutthelaser–activeorpassive•Trackingofobjects–goodsfromproductiontoretaildisplaytosale–constructionmateria
4、ls–pets,livestock,children,paroleesNYCOfficeofEmergencyManagementandNYOfficeofCyberSecurityandCriticalInfrastructureCoordinationwww.wikimapia.orgwww.flickr.comwww.openstreetmap.orgNeogeography•Abreakingdownofthetraditionalbarriersbetweenexpertandnon-expert•Theengagementofthousandso
5、findividualsintheproductionofgeographicinformationAnalysis•Miningspatialdataforpatternsandanomalies•Makinginferencesaboutdiseaseprevalenceandtransmission•TestinghypothesesaboutcauseSource:Masonetal.,AtlasofCancerMortalityforU.S.Counties,NCI,1975www.csiss.orgAndrewCurtis,Departmento
6、fGeography,LouisianaStateUniversityhttp://ncg.nuim.ie/ncg/events/20060125/1.GoogleEarthimage2.1843mapofLondonfromDavidRumseycollection3.PumpanddeathlocationsfrommyownwebsiteGeographicinformationscience•Thesciencebehindthesystems•Thefundamentalissuesraisedbythetechnologies•Theprinci
7、plesimplementedinthetechnologiesMajordiscoveriesinGIScience•Theoriesofrepresentation–discreteobjectsandcontinuousfields–objectfields,metamaps–unification•Modelsofuncertainty–errorpropagation–downscaling•Principlesofspatialcognition•Theoriesofthegeographicworld–spatialdependence,spa
8、tialheterogeneityFuturepro
