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1、Dynamo:Amazon’sHighlyAvailableKey-valueStoreGiuseppeDeCandia,DenizHastorun,MadanJampani,GunavardhanKakulapati,AvinashLakshman,AlexPilchin,SwaminathanSivasubramanian,PeterVosshallandWernerVogelsAmazon.comOneofthelessonsourorganizationhaslearnedfromoperatingABSTRACTAmazon’splatf
2、ormisthatthereliabilityandscalabilityofaReliabilityatmassivescaleisoneofthebiggestchallengeswesystemisdependentonhowitsapplicationstateismanaged.faceatAmazon.com,oneofthelargeste-commerceoperationsinAmazonusesahighlydecentralized,looselycoupled,servicetheworld;eventheslightest
3、outagehassignificantfinancialorientedarchitectureconsistingofhundredsofservices.Inthisconsequencesandimpactscustomertrust.TheAmazon.comenvironmentthereisaparticularneedforstoragetechnologiesplatform,whichprovidesservicesformanywebsitesworldwide,thatarealwaysavailable.Forexampl
4、e,customersshouldbeableisimplementedontopofaninfrastructureoftensofthousandsoftoviewandadditemstotheirshoppingcartevenifdisksareserversandnetworkcomponentslocatedinmanydatacentersfailing,networkroutesareflapping,ordatacentersarebeingaroundtheworld.Atthisscale,smallandlargecomp
5、onentsfaildestroyedbytornados.Therefore,theserviceresponsibleforcontinuouslyandthewaypersistentstateismanagedinthefacemanagingshoppingcartsrequiresthatitcanalwayswritetoandofthesefailuresdrivesthereliabilityandscalabilityofthereadfromitsdatastore,andthatitsdataneedstobeavailab
6、lesoftwaresystems.acrossmultipledatacenters.ThispaperpresentsthedesignandimplementationofDynamo,aDealingwithfailuresinaninfrastructurecomprisedofmillionsofhighlyavailablekey-valuestoragesystemthatsomeofAmazon’scomponentsisourstandardmodeofoperation;therearealwaysacoreservicesu
7、setoprovidean“always-on”experience.Tosmallbutsignificantnumberofserverandnetworkcomponentsachievethislevelofavailability,Dynamosacrificesconsistencythatarefailingatanygiventime.AssuchAmazon’ssoftwareundercertainfailurescenarios.Itmakesextensiveuseofobjectsystemsneedtobeconstru
8、ctedinamannerthattreatsfailureversioningandapplication-assist