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1、1、定语从句在句中修饰某个名词或代词，被定语从句修饰的词叫先行词。定语从句需用下列关联词：关系代词关系副词起连词作用，本身做从句的主语、宾语、表语或定语起连词作用，本身在从句中作时间、地点或原因状语who,whom,that,whose,which,aswhen,where,why2、掌握以上关系代词、关系副词的含义及使用时，要特别注意以下几点：1）指人时宜用who的情况：a.当先行词是one,ones,anyone或those时，关系代词用who。Anyonewhogoestherewillbepunished.b.在there
2、be开头的句子中。There’sabeautifulgirlwhocametoseeyouthismorning.c.先行词后有一个较长的定语。ImetaforeignerinthecitylastweekwhocouldspeakChinesewell.d.在非限定性定语从句中。Shehasabrother,whoworkedatthatfactorytenyearsago.2)指物时宜用that的情况：a.当先行词为all,much,little,few,none,something,anything,everything,n
3、othing等不定代词时。Allthatcanbedonehasbeendone.b.当先行词既指人又指物时。Hespokeofthemenandthething(that)hehadseenabroad.c.当先行词被序数词或形容词的最高级修饰时。ThisisoneofthebestfilmsthatIhaveeverseen.d.当先行词被thevery,theonly,thelast,any,every等修饰时。ThisisoneoftheverybookthatIamlookingfor.e.当先行词是疑问词who,wha
4、t,which时。Whothathassuchahomedoesn’tloveit?f.关系代词在从句中作表语。Maryisnolongerthegirlthatsheusedtobe.3)只能用which不能用that的情况。a.引导非限定性定语从句修饰某物或整个句子。Brucewenttowardsthefire,whichwasstillsmoking.Tomcamebacklate,whichmadehisparentsveryangry.b.关系代词作介词的宾语。ThisisthehouseinwhichLuXunonc
5、elived.4)关系代词as和which都能引导非限定性定语从句代表整个句子的内容，as引导的从句可位于句首或句末，which引导的定语从句则不能位于句首。Whichyouknow,heisagoodman.(×)Asyouknow,heisagoodman.(√)6)关系副词when,where,why其含义相当于onwhich,inwhichforwhich等，可以互换：Thedaywhen/onwhichImethimfirstwasMay1st.Idon’tknowthereasonwhy/forwhichhedidn’
6、tcome.7)whose指物时，可以与ofwhich等结构互换，但应注意与冠词的位置关系：Thisisthebookthecoverofwhich/ofwhichthecover/whosecoverisblue.8)有时可用代替关系副词。在口语中常省略。Thisisthereason(why/forwhich/that)hecamelate.9)先行词是专有名词、整个句子或世界上独一无二的物质名词时，一般用非限定性定语从句修饰。Thesun,whichgivesuslightandheat,isverybig.1、10)在先行
7、词和定语从句之间有无逗号有时会引起名义的变化：Hesaidnothingthatmadeherangry.他没说使她生气的话。Hesaidnothing,whichmadeherangry.他一言不发，这使她很生气。3、定语从句与强调结构Itistheplacewheretheylivedbefore.Itisintheplacethattheylivedbefore.第一个句子为定语从句，where指代theplace，在定语从句中作状语，第二个句子为强调结构，强调intheplace,that没有意义，把放回后面句子，句子意思
8、完整。Whereisitthathefoundthelostwatch?(强调句型，强调疑问副词where.)Whereisthewatchhefoundyesterday?(定语从句，that指代thewatch.)4、定语从句中的先行词Isth
