play-and-its-role-in-the-mental-development-of-the-child.pdf

《play-and-its-role-in-the-mental-development-of-the-child.pdf》由会员上传分享，免费在线阅读，更多相关内容在学术论文-天天文库。

1、www.all-about-psychology.comPresentsPlayAndIt’sRoleinTheMentalDevelopmentofTheChildBy:LevVygotskyVoprosypsikhologii,1966,No.6(TranslatedbyCatherineMulholland)FirstPublished1933MadepublicallyavailableaspartofTheMarxistsInternetArchiveInspeakingofplayanditsroleinthepreschool

2、er’sdevelopment,weareconcernedwithtwofundamentalquestions:first,howplayitselfarisesindevelopment–itsoriginandgenesis;second,theroleofthisdevelopmentalactivity,whichwecallplay,asaformofdevelopmentinthechildofpreschoolage.Isplaytheleadingformofactivityforachildofthisage,oris

3、itsimplythemostfrequentlyencounteredform?Itseemstomethatfromthepointofviewofdevelopment,playisnotthepredominantformofactivity,butis,inacertainsense,theleadingsourceofdevelopmentinpreschoolyears.Letusnowconsidertheproblemofplayitself.Weknowthatadefinitionofplaybasedontheple

4、asureitgivesthechildisnotcorrectfortworeasons–first,becausewedealwithanumberofactivitiesthatgivethechildmuchkeenerexperiencesofpleasurethanplay.Forexample,thepleasureprincipleappliesequallywelltothesuckingprocess,inthatthechildderivesfunctionalpleasurefromsuckingapacifiere

5、venwhenheisnotbeingsatiated.Ontheotherhand,weknowofgamesinwhichtheactivityitselfdoesnotaffordpleasure–gamesthatpredominateattheendofthepreschoolandthebeginningofschoolageandthatgivepleasureonlyifthechildfindstheresultinteresting.Theseinclude,forexample,sportinggames(notjus

6、tathleticsportsbutalsogameswithanoutcome,gameswithresults).Theyareveryoftenaccompaniedbyakeensenseofdispleasurewhentheoutcomeisunfavorabletothechild.1Thus,definingplayonthebasisofpleasurecancertainlynotberegardedascorrect.Nonetheless,itseemstomethattorefusetoapproachthepro

7、blemofplayfromthestandpointoffulfillmentofthechild’sneeds,hisincentivestoact,andhisaffectiveaspirationswouldresultinaterribleintellectualizationofplay.Thetroublewithanumberoftheoriesofplayliesintheirtendencytointellectualizetheproblem.Iaminclinedtogiveanevenmoregeneralmean

8、ingtotheproblem;andIthinkthatthemistakeofmanyacceptedtheoriesistheirdisregardofthechild’s