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1、Foucault,Governmentality,andCritiqueThomasLemke“Ioftenquoteconcepts,textsandphrasesfromMarx,butwithoutfeelingobligedtoaddtheauthenticatinglabelofafootnotewithalaudatoryphrasetoaccompanythequotation.Aslongasonedoesthat,oneisregardedassomeonewhoknowsandreveresMarx,andwil
2、lbesuitablyhonouredintheso-calledMarxistjournals.ButIquoteMarxwithoutsayingso,withoutquotationmarks,andbecausepeopleareincapableofrecognisingMarx’stextsIamthoughttobesomeonewhodoesn’tquoteMarx.Whenaphysicistwritesaworkofphysics,doeshefeelitnecessarytoquoteNewtonandEins
3、tein?”(Foucault1980,p.52).ÉtienneBalibaroncewrotethatFoucault’sworkischaracterisedbysomekindof“genuinestruggle”(1992,p.39)withMarx,thisstrugglebeingoneoftheprincipalsourcesofits1productivity.AccordingtoBalibar,FoucaultmovedinhistheoreticaldevelopmentfromarupturewithMar
4、xismasatheorytoa“tacticalalliance”,theuseofsomeMarxistconceptsorsomeconceptscompatiblewithMarxism.IcompletelyagreewiththisobservationandindeedIwouldliketodealinmoredetailwithoneoftheseconcepts,theconceptofgovernmentality.AtthesameIdon’tthinkBalibarisrightinstatingthatt
5、hedifferencebetweenMarxandFoucaultisduetothefactthatthelatteradherestoa“materialismofthebody”.Infact,BalibardoesnottakeintoaccounttheimportanttheoreticalchangesinFoucault’sworkespeciallyafterthepublicationoftheHistoryofSexuality,vol.1(1979)whichresultedintheappearanceo
6、ftheproblematicsofgovernment,whichismuchclosertoaMarxistperspectivethanBalibarobserved.InthispaperIwouldliketoaddresstwoquestions:(1)whydoestheproblemofgovernmentassumeacentralplaceinFoucault’swork?and(2)howcouldthisconceptservetoanalyseandcriticizecontemporaryneo-libe
7、ralpractices?1.Thegenealogyofgovernmentality1PaperpresentedattheRethinkingMarxismConference,UniversityofAmherst(MA),September21-24,2000.Somesectionscontainrevisedversionsofpreviouslypublishedmaterial(seeLemke2001).1Foucault’sworkafterDisciplineandPunish(1977)ischaracte
8、risedbytwoseeminglydisparateprojects.Ontheonehand,thereishisinterestinpoliticalrationalitiesandthe“genealogyofthestat
