development_geography_and_economic_theory_krugman_1995 .pdf

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1、Development,Geography,andEconomicTheoryPaulR.KrugmanTheMITPress,1995ContentsPrefaceii1TheFallandRiseofDevelopmentEconomics11.1TheBigPush.....................111.2TheElementsofHighDevelopmentTheory..211.3TheFailureofHighDevelopmentTheory...332GeographyLostandFound412.1FiveTraditionsinEc

2、onomicGeography....502.2SpatialEconomics:TwoFailedEfforts.....752.3IntotheMainstream................812.4TheMoraloftheStory...............883ModelsandMetaphors913.1TheBenefits—andCosts—ofModels.....933.2ModelinginEconomics..............100i3.3ModelsandMetaphors...............1083.4TheFa

3、llandRiseofDevelopmentTheory,Again1113.5TheExileofEconomicGeography........1163.6ConcludingThoughts................121Appendix123References150iiPrefaceThisbookconsistsofheavilyrevisedversionsoftheOhlinlec-turesthatIgaveattheStockholmSchoolofEconomicsinthefallof1992.Invitationstogivelec

4、turesofthiskindare,ofcourse,agreathonor.Theyarealsoaspecialprivilegeforthoseofuswhooccasionallyfindthatwehavethingstosaythatfitawk-wardlyintotheusualmediaofprofessionalcommunication—ideasthataretoofuzzyforajournalarticle,tooslightforabook,yetpresumetoomuchknowledgeonthepartoftheaudiencet

5、obepublishedinmorepopularmedia.Whenyouarepronetohavingfuzzy,slightideas—asIam—ashortlectureseriespublishedasasmallbookpresentsawonderfulopportunitytoindulgeyourvice.Theseparticularlecturesarewhatwemightcallamed-itationinspiredbysomeofthethingsthatIhavelearnediniiithecourseofmymaincurre

6、ntresearchproject,whichisareexaminationofthelong-neglectedfieldofeconomicgeog-raphy.Ibeganthatthewayeconomistsofmygenerationandtemperamentgenerallydo:withacuteifgrosslyunrealisticmodelthatseemedtometoyieldsomeusefulinsights.OverthepastseveralyearsIhavebeengraduallyelaboratingonthatorigi

7、nalmodel,tryingtomakeitincreasinglyrealistic,tryingtobringitintoconfrontationwithdata,tryingtograspatthedeeperprinciplesthatonehopesunderliethespecialcasesIhavelookedatsofar.Thisis,ofcourse,thewaythatacademiceconomistsworkinthelatetwentiethcentury,andIamverymuchapartofmyintellectualc