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1、“SpontaneousMirth”outof“aMisplacedRespectfulness”:ABakhtinianReadingofKazuoIshiguro’sTheRemainsoftheDaySeonjooParkInthebeginningofKazuoIshiguro’sTheRemainsoftheDay,wemeetadignified,old-fashionedEnglishbutlerservinghisnewAmericanemployer.Thebutler,Mr.Stevens,trieshardto
2、respondappropriatelytothebanteringofhisjocularemployer,Mr.Farraday.Finally,hethinksofsomethingfunnytosayand,aftersayingit,expectstoseetherightreactionfromMr.Farraday:AndIfollowedthiswithasuitablymodestsmiletoindicatewithoutambiguitythatIhadmadeawitticism,sinceIdidnotwi
3、shMr.Farradaytorestrainanyspontaneousmirthhefeltoutofamisplacedrespectfulness.(7)ButFarradaydoesnotunderstandStevens,andthesceneendsinmutualawkwardness.Stevens’smisplacedwitticism,however,doesnotgoentirelyunnoticed;itisthereader,notMr.Farraday,whocannotrestrainhis/her
4、“spontaneousmirth”atthefailedattemptbythisex-tremelydignifiedandstylizedbutler.Infact,mis(dis)placement,highlystylizeddeference,misunderstanding,andlaughteronthepartofthereaderarerecurringthemesthroughoutthetext,whosemainpurposeistoreinterpretasupposedlyauthenticidealo
5、f“Englishness.”SeveralcriticshavecommentedonthewayIshiguro’snovelusesthesethemestoreconfigurenational/culturalsignifiers.JohnSuarguesthatIshigurodisplacesaquintessentiallyEnglishliteraryformcenteringonthegrandcountryestatetoreviseandrewritetheideaofwhatconstitutesEngli
6、shcharacter;RebeccaWalkowitzpointsoutthatIshiguro’s“indi-rectstyle,”rhetoricofmisunderstanding,andideaof“treason”contestandchallengeculturalallegiance;JohnMcCombeandSusieO’BrienanalyzeStevens’sshifting,displacing,andambivalentvoiceintermsof45SeonjooParkanewglobalordera
7、ndpostcolonialconditions.Thepurposeofthisessayistoaddanotherperspectivefromwhichtoreadthereconfigured“Englishness”inthisnovel,onethatdrawsmainlyonBakhtiniancon-cepts.Focusingonthe“misplacedrespectfulness”and“spontaneousmirth”inTheRemainsoftheDay,thisessayexploresthepar
8、ticularwayinwhichIshigurodecentersandreconceptualizesnational/culturalsig-nifiersthroughtheBakhtinianideasof“stylizat
