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1、主谓一致指主语与谓语必须保持人称与数的变化的一致1谓语须用复数形式的情况1）the+adj.2）people，police,cattle（牲畜）,militia（民兵）2谓语用单数形式1）主语是each,none,either,neither和复合不定代词2）主语表示整体概念，抽象概念时3）主语是动名词，不定式，从句时4）and连接的两个词如指同一主体或成对名词时，如everyboyandgirl，successandfailure;5）manya+n.或morethanone+n.3就近原则：谓语变化看
2、最邻近的主语1）Here/Therebe结构2）分数和百分数后加名词如30%oftheapple(s)3)两个主语由以下短语连接时：or,either…or…,neither…nor…,notonly…butalso…4分开考虑1）集体名词作为整体意义时看成单数，指各成员时看成复数2）anumberof…“一些”看成复数thenumberof…“…的数目”看成单数3)what或which引导主语从句时WhatIwantisabicycle.Whatheboughtaresomebooks.4)that,w
3、ho,which引导定语从句作主语时，谓语动词的单复数看其所代表的先行词Somethingthatglittersisgold.Heisoneofthestudentswhowerelatethismorning.注意：1)连字符连接的名词不用复数2）百，千，百万，十亿如有具体数字不用复数虚拟语气1虚拟语气在If从句中的运用1）错综时间条件句Ifyouhadlistenedtothedoctor,youwouldbeallrightnow.2）含蓄条件句a省去if，把were,had,should提前到句
4、首的倒装WereIyou,Iwouldnotlethergo.b用介词短语代替If从句，如“否则”otherwise,“如果没有”without,but,butforWithoutair,nolivingthingscouldexist.Butforyourhelp,Icouldnothavefinishedthejob.C利用上下文的暗示Ifourmotherwerewithus!2从句动词用（should）+动词原形1）Itisimportant/necessary/essential/natural
5、/strange…that从句2）在表示主观愿望的动词后面所带的宾语从句中如“要求”：ask,demand,require,request“建议”：suggest,advise,propose,recommend“命令”：order,command,instructdecide,desire,prefer,insist3)suggestion,proposal，instruction后面的同位语从句4）“以防”lest,incase,“惟恐”forfearthat后面所带的从句3从句动词用过去式Itis(
6、high/about)timethat+从句4从句动词分情况考虑与将来事实可能相反用过去将来时与现在事实相反用一般过去时与过去事实相反用过去完成时1)asif/though+从句2)Ifonly,wish,wouldrather,wouldsooner后面所接的从句非谓语动词doing动名词，现在分词表示动作正在进行有主动有被动todo不定式表示动作未完成有主动有被动done过去分词表示动作已经完成只能被动1)Tobeasuccessfulwomanisdifficult.Beingasuccessful
7、womanisdifficult.2)Hecamein,followingagirl.Hecamein,followedbyagirl.3)Isawamanknockdownaboyandleave.IsawamanknockingdownaboywhenIcrossedthestreet.Isawamanknockeddownbyacar.4)Havingbeenbeatenbyarobber,shepassedout.Beatenbyarobber,shepassedout.Arobberbeatin
8、gher,shepassedout.1动词不定式须省略to的情况1）致使：have.make.let2)感官动词：如see.hear.watch3）最好hadbetter,宁愿wouldrather/sooner4)除了……没其它事可做havenothingtodobutdo2.须用doing的情况1)Itisnouse/gooddoing2)Itis形容词doing3)Thereisnopointdoing4)动词+doin
