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1、第31卷第11期岩土力学Vol.31No.112010年11月RockandSoilMechanicsNov.2010文章编号:1000-7598(2010)11-3464-05饱和兰州黄土液化过程中孔压和应变发展的试验研究1,21,21,21,2孙海妹,王兰民,王平,刘红玫(1.中国地震局地震预测研究所兰州基地,兰州730000;2.中国地震局兰州地震研究所,兰州730000)摘要:采用WF12440型空心圆柱扭剪仪,用反压饱和法对初始饱和度较低的原状黄土进行饱和,进行室内原状黄土饱和液化试验研究,探讨了
2、饱和兰州黄土液化过程中孔隙水压力、轴向应变、应力-应变滞回圈的发展规律。结果表明,对初始饱和度较低的原状黄土,反压饱和法使孔压系数B值达到0.95以上,即土样完全饱和;兰州黄土在均压固结条件下液化的孔压发展,开始时上升速率较缓慢,循环数一定后会出现孔压迅速增高的现象直至达到有效围压;应力-应变滞回特性随着振动次数的增加发生变化,塑性逐步增大;当轴向应变小于2%时,孔压增长缓慢;此后,孔压上升速率加大,3%应变可以出现在初始液化前;接近液化时偏应力为负值时的有效应力大于正值时的有效应力。关键词:黄土;液化;孔
3、压;应变;试验研究中图分类号:TU435文献标识码:AExperimentalstudyofdevelopmentofstrainandporewaterpressureduringliquefactionofsaturatedLanzhouloess1,21,21,21,2SUNHai-mei,WANGLan-ming,WANGPing,LIUHong-mei(1.LanzhouResearchBaseofEarthquakeSciences,ChinaEarthquakeAdministration,L
4、anzhou730000,China;2.LanzhouInstituteofSeismology,ChinaEarthquakeAdministration,Lanzhou730000,China)Abstract:UsingadynamichollowcylinderapparatusWF12440asthetestplatform,thispaperfirstlystudiedtheloesssaturationbythebackpressuremethod.Thedevelopmentsofpore
5、waterpressure,axialstrain,deviatoricstress-axialstraincurveduringliquefactionaretheninvestigated.Testingresultsindicatethatthebackpressuremethodcanbesuccessfullyusedforloesssaturation;andtheporewaterpressurecoefficientcouldachieve0.95andmore.Underthecondit
6、ionofisotropicconsolidation,porewaterpressureincreasedslowlyatthebeginning;afterseveralcyclestheporewaterpressureincreasedrapidlyuntilitreachedtheeffectiveconsolidationpressure.Thedeviatoricstress-axialstraincurvedevelopedwiththeincreaseofcycles;andplastic
7、strainincreasedstepbystep.Whentheaxialstrainwaslessthan2%,theporewaterpressureincreasedslowly;afterwards,itsincreaseratiowasmuchlarger,andastrainof3%couldappearattheinitialliquefactionprocess.Beforeliquefactionoftheloess,themeaneffectivestressundernegative
8、deviatoricstressislargerthanthatunderthepositivedeviatoricstress.Keywords:loess;liquefaction;porewaterpressure;strain;experimentalstudy黄土地区重要的地震灾害之一。随着农业灌溉条件1前言的逐步改善,大中城市向河谷高阶地上的大规模扩我国黄土地区大多地处高烈度地震区,对这些展,局部地下