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1、动 物 学 研 究 2004,Jun.25(3):198-204CN53-1040/QISSN0254-5853ZoologicalResearchX角百灵和小云雀的巢址选择与竞争共存3赵 亮,张晓爱(中国科学院西北高原生物研究所,青海西宁810001)摘要:于2000—2002年的鸟类繁殖期在中国科学院海北高寒草甸生态系统定位站,测定了27窝角百灵(Eremophilaalpestris)和43窝小云雀(Alaudagulgula)的巢址特征,观察了两者在繁殖期巢数的季节变化,并运用稳定性同位素技术测定了育雏食物,对两种百灵的
2、巢址特征和食物重叠度进行了比较。结果表明两者的巢址特征存在着显著的不同:角百灵的巢开放度为92116%,小云雀的为34161%,前者的巢开放度显著大于后者(P<0101);角百灵距巢100cm范围内遮蔽物的数量为0107±0126,小云雀的为2157±1119,前者显著少于后者(P<0101);角百灵巢址植被的高度和盖度也显著小于小云雀的(P<0101)。角百灵和小云雀均以小型昆虫育雏,育雏食物的资源重叠程度很高,为018957;而且两者的繁殖季节和繁殖强度也是相互重叠的。这两种百灵鸟类在巢址的选择上存在着一种代价和利益的权衡关
3、系,巢址选择是捕食压和热条件共同作用的结果。二者共存的机制是巢址上的分化。关键词:角百灵;小云雀;巢址选择;巢捕食;热条件;竞争;共存中图分类号:Q9591739文献标识码:A文章编号:0254-5853(2004)03-0198-07Nest2siteSelectionandCompetitionCoexistenceofHornedLarksandSmallSkylarksZHAOLiang,ZHANGXiao2ai(NorthwestInstituteofPlateauBiology,theChineseAcademyof
4、Sciences,Xining810001,China)Abstract:Weinvestigatednest2sitecharacteristicsandreproductiveseasonchangesofhornedlarks(Eremophilaalpestris)andsmallskylarks(Alaudagulgula)duringthreeperiodsfromApr.toSep.in2000-2002atHaibeiAlpineMeadowEcosystemResearchStation,theChineseA
5、cademyofSciences,innorthernQinghaiProvince.Nestsofhornedlark(n=27)andsmallskylark(n=43)wereusedtoeximinednest2sitecharacteristics.Weusedstableisotopestode2terminethedietarycontributionsratioofraisenestling,andcomparenest2sitecharacteristicsandoverlapdegreeofdietofhor
6、nedlarkandsmallskylark.Theresultshown:①therewassignificantlydifferencebetweentheexotericdegreesofnestsinhornedlarkandsmallskylark(P<0101),whichwere92116%and34161%,respectively.②thenumberofdistancetoneareststructuralelementofhornedlark(0107±0126)wassignificantlylowert
7、hanthatofsmallskylark(2157±1119)(P<0101).③thevegetationheightandthepercentageofvegetationcoverofnest2siteofsmallskylarkweresignificantlyhigherthanthoseofhornedlark(P<0101).④thefoodresource,reproductiveseasonlengthandreproduc2tivefrequencylargelyoverlappedinthesetwosp
8、ecies.Thereisabalancebetweencostandbenefitofhornedlarkandsmallskylarkinnest2siteselection.Itispossiblethatpredationandthermalconsid
