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1、THELINUXOPERATINGSYSTEMWilliamStallingsCopyright2008ThisdocumentisanextractfromOperatingSystems:InternalsandDesignPrinciples,SixthEditionWilliamStallingsPrenticeHall2008ISBN-10:0-13-600632-9ISBN-13:978-0-13-600632-9http://williamstallings.com/OS/OS6e.htmlM02_STAL6329_06_SE_C02.
2、QXD2/22/087:02PMPage9494CHAPTER2/OPERATINGSYSTEMOVERVIEWoftheSystemVkernelandproducedaclean,ifcomplex,implementation.Newfea-turesinthereleaseincludereal-timeprocessingsupport,processschedulingclasses,dynamicallyallocateddatastructures,virtualmemorymanagement,virtualfilesys-tem,
3、andapreemptivekernel.SVR4drawsontheeffortsofbothcommercialandacademicdesignersandwasdevelopedtoprovideauniformplatformforcommercialUNIXdeployment.IthassucceededinthisobjectiveandisperhapsthemostimportantUNIXvariant.ItincorporatesmostoftheimportantfeatureseverdevelopedonanyUNIXs
4、ystemanddoessoinanintegrated,commerciallyviablefashion.SVR4runsonprocessorsrangingfrom32-bitmicroprocessorsuptosupercomputers.BSDTheBerkeleySoftwareDistribution(BSD)seriesofUNIXreleaseshaveplayedakeyroleinthedevelopmentofOSdesigntheory.4.xBSDiswidelyusedinacademicinstallationsa
5、ndhasservedasthebasisofanumberofcommercialUNIXproducts.ItisprobablysafetosaythatBSDisresponsibleformuchofthepopularityofUNIXandthatmostenhancementstoUNIXfirstappearedinBSDversions.4.4BSDwasthefinalversionofBSDtobereleasedbyBerkeley,withthede-signandimplementationorganizationsub
6、sequentlydissolved.Itisamajorupgradeto4.3BSDandincludesanewvirtualmemorysystem,changesinthekernelstruc-ture,andalonglistofotherfeatureenhancements.OneofthemostwidelyusedandbestdocumentedversionsofBSDisFreeBSD.FreeBSDispopularforInternet-basedserversandfirewallsandisusedinanumbe
7、rofembeddedsystems.ThelatestversionoftheMacintoshoperatingsystem,MacOSX,isbasedonFreeBSD5.0andtheMach3.0microkernel.Solaris10SolarisisSun’sSVR4-basedUNIXrelease,withthelatestversionbeing10.SolarisprovidesallofthefeaturesofSVR4plusanumberofmoreadvancedfeatures,suchasafullypreemp
8、table,multithreadedkernel,fullsupportforSMP,andanobjec
