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1、FFIRS.qxd6/16/048:37AMPageivQuark03Quark03:DesktopFolder:Chapter-FM:FFIRS.qxd6/16/048:37AMPageivQuark03Quark03:DesktopFolder:Chapter-FM:PublishedbyWorldScientificPublishingCo.Pte.Ltd.5TohTuckLink,Singapore596224USAoffice:Suite202,1060MainStreet,RiverEdge,NJ07661UKoffice:57Shel
2、tonStreet,CoventGarden,LondonWC2H9HELibraryofCongressCataloging-in-PublicationDataVeltman,Martinus.Factsandmysteriesinelementaryparticlephysics/MartinusJ.G.Veltman.p.cm.Includesindex.ISBN981-238-148-1--ISBN981-238-149-X(pbk.)1.Particles(Nuclearphysics)I.Title.QC793.2.V45200353
3、9.7'2--dc212003042273BritishLibraryCataloguing-in-PublicationDataAcataloguerecordforthisbookisavailablefromtheBritishLibrary.Copyright©2003byWorldScientificPublishingCo.Pte.Ltd.Allrightsreserved.Thisbook,orpartsthereof,maynotbereproducedinanyformorbyanymeans,electronicormechan
4、ical,includingphotocopying,recordingoranyinformationstorageandretrievalsystemnowknownortobeinvented,withoutwrittenpermissionfromthePublisher.FirstEdition1098765432Forphotocopyingofmaterialinthisvolume,pleasepayacopyingfeethroughtheCopyrightClearanceCenter,Inc.,222RosewoodDrive
5、,Danvers,MA01923,USA.Inthiscasepermissiontophotocopyisnotrequiredfromthepublisher.PrintedbyFuIslandOffsetPrinting(S)PteLtd,Singapore.vTableofContentsIntroduction1Acknowledgments5FurtherReading5ThumbnailSketches6Equations71Preliminaries81.1Atoms,NucleiandParticles81.2Photons151
6、.3Antiparticles191.4MassandEnergy211.5Events241.6Electron-VoltsandOtherUnits301.7ParticleNamesandtheGreekAlphabet321.8ScientificNotation332TheStandardModel352.1Introduction352.2ConservationofEnergyandCharge402.3QuantumNumbers432.4Color452.5TheElectron-Neutrino,ElectronNumberan
7、dCrossing492.6TheFirstFamily532.7FamiliesandForces55contents.p65506/30/2004,12:15PMviELEMENTARYPARTICLEPHYSICS2.8TheSpin1Particles6222.9TheSpin1and2Particles682.10ForcesandInteractions692.11ClassificationofInteractions712.12Electromagnetic,Weak,Strong,HiggsandGravitationalInte
8、ractions752.13RepresentingInteractions772.14TheOriginofQuantu
