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1、WhyThink?ZThispageintentionallyleftblankWhyThink?ZEvolutionandtheRationalMindRONALDDESOUSA120073OxfordUniversityPress,Inc.,publishesworksthatfurtherOxfordUniversity’sobjectiveofexcellenceinresearch,scholarship,andeducation.OxfordNewYorkAucklandCapeTownDaresSalaa
2、mHongKongKarachiKualaLumpurMadridMelbourneMexicoCityNairobiNewDelhiShanghaiTaipeiTorontoWithoYcesinArgentinaAustriaBrazilChileCzechRepublicFranceGreeceGuatemalaHungaryItalyJapanPolandPortugalSingaporeSouthKoreaSwitzerlandThailandTurkeyUkraineVietnamOriginallypub
3、lishedinFrenchbyPressesUniversitairesdeFranceasEvolutionetRationalite´(2004).Copyrightß2004PressesUniversitairesdeFrance.Englishtranslationcopyrightß2006byRonalddeSousa.Copyrightß2007byOxfordUniversityPress,Inc.PublishedbyOxfordUniversityPress,Inc.198MadisonAven
4、ue,NewYork,NewYork10016www.oup.comOxfordisaregisteredtrademarkofOxfordUniversityPressAllrightsreserved.Nopartofthispublicationmaybereproduced,storedinaretrievalsystem,ortransmitted,inanyformorbyanymeans,electronic,mechanical,photocopying,recording,orotherwise,wi
5、thoutthepriorpermissionofOxfordUniversityPress.LibraryofCongressCataloging-in-PublicationDataDeSousa,Ronald.[Evolutionetrationalite´.English]Whythink?:evolutionandtherationalmind/RonalddeSousa.p.cm.Includesbibliographicalreferences.ISBN978–0–19–518985–81.Knowled
6、ge,Theoryof.2.Evolution.3.Reasoning.I.Title.BD177.D4132007128’.33—dc222007009407135798642PrintedintheUnitedStatesofAmericaonacid-freepaperPrefaceZIt’sfashionabletoclaimthatweshouldtrustourgut,relyonourintuitions,andstopthinkingtoomuch.Thebooknowinyourhandstakest
7、hequestionseriously:HowisexplicithumanthinkingdiVerentfromthegoal-directed‘‘intelligence’’ofanimals?Howdoesourownabilitytocometoquick,intuitivedecisions—oftenmediatedbyunreXectiveemotionalresponses—relatetoreXectivethought?ThequickresponsesofintuitionoftenconXic
8、twithreXectivethought.YetbothhavebeenhonedandreWnedbymil-lionsofyearsofnaturalselection.Soit’simportanttounderstandhowtheybothwork,andwhataretheirrespectivestrengths.
