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1、SoilsinArchaeologicalResearchVanceT.HollidayOXFORDUNIVERSITYPRESSSOILSINARCHAEOLOGICALRESEARCHThispageintentionallyleftblankSOILSINARCHAEOLOGICALRESEARCHVanceT.Holliday120043OxfordNewYorkAucklandBangkokBuenosAiresCapeTownChennaiDaresSalaamDelhiHongKongIstanbulKarachiKolkataKual
2、aLumpurMadridMelbourneMexicoCityMumbaiNairobiSãoPauloShanghaiTaipeiTokyoTorontoCopyright©2004byOxfordUniversityPress,Inc.PublishedbyOxfordUniversityPress,Inc.198MadisonAvenue,NewYork,NewYork10016www.oup.comOxfordisaregisteredtrademarkofOxfordUniversityPress.Allrightsreserved.No
3、partofthispublicationmaybereproduced,storedinaretrievalsystem,ortransmitted,inanyformorbyanymeans,electronic,mechanical,photocopying,recording,orotherwise,withoutthepriorpermissionofOxfordUniversityPress.LibraryofCongressCataloging-in-PublicationDataHolliday,VanceT.Soilsinarcha
4、eologicalresearch/byVanceT.Holliday.p.cm.Includesbibliographicalreferencesandindex.ISBN0-19-514965-31.Soilscienceinarchaeology.I.Title.CC79.S6H652004930.1¢028—dc212003005784987654321PrintedintheUnitedStatesofAmericaonacid-freepaperTomypedologicmentors:B.L.AllenandPeterW.Birkela
5、nd(Left)B.L.AlleninthefieldontheHighPlains,2002.(Right)PeteBirkelandattheGeo-logicalSocietyofAmericaPenroseConferenceonPaleosols,Oregon,1987.ThispageintentionallyleftblankPrefaceThisbookisadiscussionofthestudyofsoilsasacomponentofearthscienceapplicationsinarchaeology,asubdiscipl
6、ineotherwiseknownasgeoarchaeology.Thevolumefocusesonhowthestudyofsoilscanbeintegratedwithotheraspectsofarchaeologicalandgeoscientificresearchtoanswerquestionsregardingthepast.Toasignificantdegree,thebookapproachessoilsasafunctionofandascluestothefactorsofsoilformation;thatis,thee
7、xternalorenvironmentalfactorsofclimate,organisms,relief,parentmaterial,andtime(makingupthewell-knownCLORPTformulaofJenny,1941;discussedinchapter3)thatdrivetheprocessesofsoilformation.Reconstructingthefactorsisimportantinreconstructingthehumanpast.Thebookoutlinesthemanypotential
8、andrealizedapplicationsofsoilscience,especiallypedolog
