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1、ToappearinLinguisticsandPhilosophyTheMeaningofFreeChoiceAnastasiaGiannakidouUniversityofGroningenApril2001AbstractInthispaper,Idiscussthedistributionandinterpretationoffreechoiceitems(FCIs)inGreek,alanguageexhibitingalexicalparadigmofsuchitemsdistinctfromthatofnegativepolarityitem
2、s.GreekdiffersinthisrespectfromEnglishwhichuniformlyemploysany.FCIsaregrammaticalonlyincertaincontextsthatcanbecharacterizedasnonveridical(Giannakidou1998,1999),andalthoughtheyyielduniversal-likeinterpretationsincertainstructures,theyarenot,Iargue,universalquantifiers.Evidencewill
3、beprovidedthatFCIsareindefinites;thequasi-universaleffectisshowntobetheresultofbindingbyanoperatorwithuniversalforce.Additionally,thelimiteddistributionofFCIsinnonveridicalcontextscanbeaccountedforbyanalyzingthemasindefiniteswhichmustalwaysbeinterpretedinanintensionaltype.Thediffe
4、rencebetweenÒregularÓindefinitesandFCIs,therefore,isreducedtoatypedifferencewhichcapturesthefactthatonlythelatterexhibitlimiteddistribution:becauseoftheirintensionaltype,FCIswillbegrammaticalonlyincontextsprovidingalternatives(worldsorsituations),andnonveridicalcontextsdoexactlyth
5、is.Bycontrast,FCIsareexcludedfromveridicalandepisodiccontextsbecausetheseprovidenoalternativesandhencedonotsatisfythelexicalsemanticrequirementofFCIs.Theproposedanalysisissupportedbydatafromotherlanguagesaswell(Spanish,Catalan,French)andhasimportantconsequencesregardingtheanalysis
6、ofEnglishany.IfFCIsarenotuniversalquantifiersbutindefinites,thentheusualambiguitythesis(freechoiceanybeinguniversal,negativepolarityanyanexistential)cannolongerbemaintained,atleastnotasoneintermsofquantificationalforce.1TheproblemoffreechoiceConsideralanguagelikeEnglishwhichposses
7、sesthenotoriousitemanyandemploysitinthetwocasesbelow:(1)aDidAriadnetalktoanybody?bAnybodycansolvethisproblem.Inthefirstsentenceanybodyseemstocontributeanexistentialquantifier,alikelyparaphraseof(1a)beingIsthereanx,suchthatxisapersonandAriadnetalkedtox?.Inthisinstance,1anybodyhasbe
8、encharacterizedasÔnegativeÕpolari
