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1、GEOPOLITICSandtheGREENREVOLUTIONThispageintentionallyleftblankGEOPOLITICSandtheGREENREVOLUTIONWheat,Genes,andtheColdWarJOHNH.PERKINSNewYorkOxford•OxfordUniversityPress1997OxfordUniversityPressOxfordNewYorkAthensAucklandBangkokBogotaBombayBuesnosAiresCalcuttaCapeTownDaresSalaamDelhiFlor
2、enceHongKongIstanbulKarachiKualaLumpurMadrasMadridMelbourneMexicoCityNairobiParisSingaporeTaipeiTokyoTorontoWarsawandassociatedcompaniesinBerlinIbadanCopyright©1997byOxfordUniversityPress,Inc.PublishedbyOxfordUniversityPress,Inc.198MadisonAvenue,NewYork,NewYork10016Oxfordisaregisteredt
3、rademarkofOxfordUniversityPressAllrightsreserved.Nopartofthispublicationmaybereproduced,storedinaretrievalsystem,ortransmitted,inanyformorbyanymeans,electronic,mechanical,photocopying,recording,orotherwise,withoutthepriorpermissionofOxfordUniversityPress.LineDrawingsbyTimF.KnightLibrar
4、yofCongressCataloging-in-PublicationDataPerkins,JohnH.Geopoliticsandthegreenrevolution:wheat,genes,andthecoldwar/JohnH.Perkins.p.cm.Includesbibliographicalreferencesandindex.ISBN0-19-511013-71.WheatBreeding.2.Wheat—Breeding—Governmentpolicy.3.Wheat.4.Wheattrade.5.GreenRevolution.6.Nati
5、onalsecurity.7.Coldwar.I.Title.SB19I.W5P421997338.1'6-DC2096-8885135798642PrintedintheUnitedStatesofAmericaonacid-freepaperPrefaceTheYieldTransformationinCerealProductionTheneedforfoodcreatesarelationshipoffundamentalimportancebetweenpeopleandtheenvironment.Ifwedonotunderstandthisrelat
6、ionship,weremainunawareofthecriticaldynamicsthatexistamonghumanpopulations,culture,andnature.Atthefoundationoftherelationshiparethemajorcerealgrains,especiallywheat,rice,andmaize,andtheyieldsobtainablefromthem.Yieldsofcerealcropswentupdramaticallyduringthepast100years,andespe-ciallysin
7、ce1950.Thisbookisanefforttounderstandtheyieldtransformationinthebasiccerealcropsandthusgaininsightsintotherelationshipbetweenpeopleandnature.Itsstartingpointwastoexplorethescientificchangesunderlyingthegreenrevolution,apublicrelationstermreferringtothechangesafter1960inthewheatandric
