Italian_Grammar_Summary.pdf

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1、SummaryofItalianGrammar1.ALPHABETLETTERNAMELETTERNAMELETTERNAMEaahaccaqqubbiiirerreccilellesesseddimemmettieenenneuufeffeoovvu/viggippizzeta2.PRONUNCIATIONSimplevowelsaasinahorfathereasinday,aceiasinmachine,policeoasinno,noteuasinruleVowelcombinationsaiaiinaisleauouinouteiay-eeeuay-ooiayainya

2、rdieyeinyesioyoinyokeiuyouoioyinboyuawahuewayuioo-eeuooo-ohConsonantsMostItalianconsonantsarethesameasthoseinEnglish.Thedif-ferencesarediscussedbelow.Theconsonanthisneverpronounced.Italianhasaseriesofdoubleconsonants:ll,mm,nn,rr,andss.Noticethedifferencebetweenthefollowing:caro(dear)carro(tru

3、ck)casa(house)cassa(crate,cashregister)pala(shovel)palla(ball)Thedoubledconsonantsarepronouncedwithmoreforceandareheldlongerthanthesimpleconsonants.Specialitalianlettercombinationsandsounds1.ci,ceispronouncedliketheEnglishchinchair:cacciatorehunter2.chbeforeeandiispronouncedliketheEnglishkink

4、ey:chitarraguitar3.gi,geispronouncedlikejinjail:generosogenerous4.ghbeforeeandiispronouncedliketheEnglishgingate:ghirlandawreath5.gliispronouncedsimilartolliasinmillion:figliosonpagliastraw6.gnisalwayspronouncedasoneletter,similartotheEnglishniinonionornyincanyon:segnosignSpagnaSpain7.scbefor

5、eeandiispronouncedliketheEnglishshinshoe:scendere(to)descend/(to)getoff/downsciropposyrup8.scbeforea,o,anduispronouncedliketheEnglishskinsky:scuolaschoolscarpashoe9.zispronouncedsimilartodsattheendofEnglishrods:zoccoloclog10.zzispronouncedsimilartotsattheendoflots:tazzacup3.STRESS1.Wordsoftwo

6、syllablesaregenerallystressedonthefirstsylla-ble,unlesstheotheronebearsanaccentmark:tazzacupcittàcitypennapenvirtùvirtuemetagoalmetàhalf2.Wordsofmorethantwosyllablesaregenerallystressedeitheronthesyllablebeforethelast,oronthesyllablebeforethat:ancoramoreancoraanchordoloregriefamorelovescatola

7、boxautomobilecar4.THEDEFINITEARTICLEMASCULINEFEMININESINGULARil,l’,andlolaandl’PLURALiandglileL’isusedbeforemasculineorfemininenounsbeginningwithavowel:l’arrivo(m.)thearrivall’uscita(f.)theexitLoisusedbeforemasculinenounsbeginningwithansplusc