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1、作物学报ACTAAGRONOMICASINICA2013,39(4):665672http://www.chinacrops.org/zwxb/ISSN0496-3490;CODENTSHPA9E-mail:xbzw@chinajournal.net.cnDOI:10.3724/SP.J.1006.2013.00665大麦长期肥料效率和土壤养分平衡11,*1111唐旭陈义吴春艳杨生茂刘玉学吕豪豪22马义兵李菊梅12浙江省农业科学院环境资源与土壤肥料研究所,浙江杭州310021;中国农业科学院农业资源与农业区划研究所,北京100081摘要:基于19年田间定位试验,通过测定氮、磷
2、、钾肥不同配施处理下,大麦地上部生物量、产量及籽粒和秸秆中各养分含量,研究了大麦生长期土壤和环境养分供应状况、肥料效率和土壤养分表观平衡。结果表明,不施肥条件2下,平均每年大麦可从土壤和环境中吸收氮、磷和钾素44.5、10.7和52.5kghm;大麦籽粒中氮、磷、钾含量平均11为17.3、3.48和4.18gkg,秸秆中为4.85、0.64和17.50gkg。所吸收的氮素和磷素分别有75.7%和83.5%被转运至籽粒中,但钾的转运率仅为18.8%。大麦生产单位籽粒所需的氮素和钾素相当,约为吸磷量的5~6倍。每生产1000kg籽粒,需要吸收氮素22.3kg、磷素4.0kg和
3、钾素20.5kg。19年平均氮、磷和钾肥的表观利用率分别为29.0%、12.8%和71.8%,累积回收率为75.3%、63.6%和203.2%。在氮磷钾平衡施肥条件下,每年土壤氮素和磷素可盈余18.4222kghm和6.9kghm,但是土壤钾素平均每年亏缺43.8kghm;这种基础养分供给处理可维持每年大麦产量23502kghm左右。关键词:长期定位施肥;大麦;籽粒产量;养分供应能力;肥料效率;平衡施肥FertilizerEfficiencyandSoilApparentNutrientBalanceforBarleyunderLong-TermFertilizatio
4、n11,*11112TANGXu,CHENYi,WUChun-Yan,YANGSheng-Mao,LIUYu-Xue,LÜHao-Hao,MAYi-Bing,2andLIJu-Mei12InstituteofEnvironment,Resource,SoilandFertilizer,ZhejiangAcademyofAgriculturalSciences,Hangzhou310021,China;InstituteofAgri-culturalResourcesandRegionalPlanning,ChineseAcademyofAgriculturalSciences,
5、Beijing100081,ChinaAbstract:Inthe19-yearlocatedfertilizationexperimentinbarley,fivetreatmentsweredesignedwithdifferentcombinationsofnitrogen(N),phosphorus(P),andpotassium(K)fertilizers.Thenaturalproductivitiesofnutrientelementsfromsoilandenviron-ment,fertilizerefficienciesandsoilnutrientappa
6、rentbalanceswereinvestigatedbymeasuringabovegroundbiomass,grainyield,andnutrientcontentsingrainandstraw.Undernofertilizationcondition,theamountsofnutrientsupplyfromsoilandenviron-1mentwere44.5,10.7,and52.5kghaforN,P,andKelements,respectively.TheaverageN,P,andKcontentswere17.30,3.48,11and4
7、.18gkgingrainand4.85,0.64,and17.50gkginstraw,respectively.Thepercentagesofnutrientelementstranslocatedfromabovegroundorgansintograinwere75.7%forN,83.5%forPand18.8%forK.ThisresultindicatedthatthemostofNandPabsorbedbyplantwereultimatelydepositedintog