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1、J.Vis.Commun.ImageR.16(2005)115–133www.elsevier.com/locate/jvciEnhancementofimagewatermarkretrievalbasedongeneticalgorithmsFrankY.Shih*,Yi-TaWuComputerVisionLaboratory,CollegeofComputingSciences,NewJerseyInstituteofTechnology,Newark,NJ07102,UnitedStatesReceived10December2002;accepte
2、d18May2004Availableonline11November2004AbstractAwatermarkhiddeninanimageisretrieveddifferentlyfromtheoriginalwatermarkduetothefrequentlyusedroundingapproach.Thesimpleroundingwillcausenumerouserrorsintheembeddedwatermarkespeciallywhenitislarge.Anoveltechniquebasedongeneticalgo-rithms(
3、GAs)ispresentedinthispapertocorrecttheroundingerrors.Thefundamentalistoadoptafitnessfunctionforchoosingthebestchromosomewhichdeterminestheconversionruleofrealnumbersintointegersduringthecosinetransformation.Experimentalresultsshowthatthedramaticimprovementinreducingtheerrorsissuccess
4、fulwhenGAsareusedindeci-sionmaking.Furthermore,wedevelopaninitialchromosomebycomparingthedifferencebetweentheoriginalimageandtheroundedwatermarkedimagetospeeduptheprocess.Inadditionaltocorrectfragile-watermarkingroundingerrors,ouralgorithmcanalsobeappliedinrobustwatermarkingtoachieve
5、higherwatermarkedimagequality.Ó2004ElsevierInc.Allrightsreserved.1.IntroductionDigitalimages,video,andaudiohaverevolutionizedinthewayofenormousdatastorage,friendlymanipulation,andsecuretransmission.Thesegiverisetoawiderangeofapplicationsinelectronics,entertainment,andmedialindustry(
6、Berghel*Correspondingauthor.Fax:+19735965777.E-mailaddress:shih@njit.edu(F.Y.Shih).1047-3203/$-seefrontmatterÓ2004ElsevierInc.Allrightsreserved.doi:10.1016/j.jvcir.2004.05.002116F.Y.Shih,Y.-T.Wu/J.Vis.Commun.ImageR.16(2005)115–133andOÕGorman,1996).Digitalwatermarkingofelectronicimag
7、eshasgainedprom-inenceasaresultoftheproliferationofmultimediaandtheInternet,withtheneedtoprotectcopyrightandensureauthenticity.Itplacesaninherentdigitalidentityintoallmediacontent,allowingmediaownersorissuerstoidentifythesource,creator,owner,distributor,orauthorizedconsumerofadocume
8、ntoranimage.Itcanal
