Thermodynamics of carbon in nickel， iron-nickel and iron-chromium-nickel alloys.pdf

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1、ThermodynamicsofCarboninNickel,Iron-NickelandIron-Chromium-NickelAlloysK.NATESANANDT.F.KASSNERIron-nickelalloyswith8and16wtpctnickelandiron-chromium-nickelalloyswith8pctnickelandchromiumcontentsintherangeof2to22pctwereequilibratedwithironandnickelinflowingCH4-H2gasmixturesandinsealedcapsulesunderpar

2、tialvacuumattem-peraturesbetween700and1060~CarbonactivitiesinthesealloyswereestablishedfromthecarbonconcentrationsinthenickelbyapplyingHenry'slawtothesolubilityofcarboninnickelthatwasdeterminedinthetemperaturerangeof500to1000~First-orderfree-energyinteractionparameterswereusedtorelatethecarbonactivi

3、tiestocompositionandtemperatureinthesingle-phaseausteniticFe-NiandFe-Cr-Nialloys.AnexpressionwasalsodevelopedtoevaluatecarbonactivitiesinFe-Cr-Nialloysintheregionofhigherchro-miumcontents(>4wtpct)thatresultinatwo-phaseaustenitepluscarbidemixtureatthesetemperatures.IRON-basealloyswithvariationsinthec

4、hromiumandEXPERIMENTALPROCEDUREnickelconcentrationsformthebasisofanumberofApparatusausteniticstainlesssteelsthathaveextensivehigh-temperatureapplicationinturbines,steamgenerators,Measurementsofcarbonactivityintheiron-baseal-andpipinginelectricpowergeneratingplants;ingasloysweremadebyequilibratingfoi

5、lsamplesinCI-I4-Hacrackingandreformingfacilitiesinthepetroleumre-gasmixturesofafixedcomposition.Thecarbonactivi-finingindustry;andinsodium-cooledfast-breedernu-tiesinthesematerialsasafunctionoftemperatureandclearreactorsforthefuelcladding,heatexchangers,carbonconcentrationwerebasedupontwopremises:pi

6、ping,valves,andvariousstructuralcomponents.Al-first,theElliottandGleiser17tabulationoftheNationalthoughtheenvironmentalconditionsarevastlydiffer-BureauofStandards(NBS)isequilibriumdatafortheentintheseapplications,thematerialsingeneralreactionchangeinmicrostructureandcomposition,primarilyCgraphite+2H

7、2=CH4,[1]inthenonmetallicelementssuchascarbon,nitrogen,andboron,afterlong-termserviceathightempera-wheretheequilibriumconstant(Keq=PCH4/P~I2aC)tures.Therelationshipbetweenthecomposition,mi-isrepresent