App2012 - Programming With ObjectiveC.pdf

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1、ProgrammingwithObjective-CContentsAboutObjective-C7AtaGlance7AnAppIsBuiltfromaNetworkofObjects7CategoriesExtendExistingClasses8ProtocolsDefineMessagingContracts8ValuesandCollectionsAreOftenRepresentedasObjective-CObjects8BlocksSimplifyCommonTasks9ErrorObjectsAreUsedforRuntime

2、Problems9Objective-CCodeFollowsEstablishedConventions9Prerequisites10SeeAlso10DefiningClasses11ClassesAreBlueprintsforObjects11MutabilityDeterminesWhetheraRepresentedValueCanBeChanged12ClassesInheritfromOtherClasses12TheRootClassProvidesBaseFunctionality14TheInterfaceforaClas

3、sDefinesExpectedInteractions15BasicSyntax15PropertiesControlAccesstoanObject’sValues15MethodDeclarationsIndicatetheMessagesanObjectCanReceive17ClassNamesMustBeUnique19TheImplementationofaClassProvidesItsInternalBehavior20BasicSyntax21ImplementingMethods21Objective-CClassesAre

4、alsoObjects22Exercises23WorkingwithObjects24ObjectsSendandReceiveMessages24UsePointerstoKeepTrackofObjects26YouCanPassObjectsforMethodParameters27MethodsCanReturnValues28ObjectsCanSendMessagestoThemselves302012-07-20

5、©2012AppleInc.AllRightsReserved.2ContentsObjectsCanCallMeth

6、odsImplementedbyTheirSuperclasses31ObjectsAreCreatedDynamically34InitializerMethodsCanTakeArguments36ClassFactoryMethodsAreanAlternativetoAllocationandInitialization36UsenewtoCreateanObjectIfNoArgumentsAreNeededforInitialization37LiteralsOfferaConciseObject-CreationSyntax37Ob

7、jective-CIsaDynamicLanguage38DeterminingEqualityofObjects39Workingwithnil40Exercises41EncapsulatingData43PropertiesEncapsulateanObject’sValues43DeclarePublicPropertiesforExposedData43UseAccessorMethodstoGetorSetPropertyValues44DotSyntaxIsaConciseAlternativetoAccessorMethodCal

8、ls45MostPropertiesAreBackedbyInstanceVariables46AccessInstanceVariablesDirectlyfromInitializerMethods48YouCanImplementCustomAccessorMethods51PropertiesAreAtomicbyDefault52ManagetheObjectGraphthroughOwnershipandResponsibility53AvoidStrongReferenceCycles58UseStrongandWeakDeclar

9、ationstoManageOwnership61UseUnsafeUnretainedReferencesforSomeClasses