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1、生态与农村环境学报2007,23(4):18-23,56JournalofEcologyandRuralEnvironment稻草覆盖对亚热带红壤旱坡地玉米旱期生长的生理调节作用及其产量效应1,31,211,3刘迎新,王凯荣,谢小立,苏衍涛(1.中国科学院亚热带农业生态研究所桃源农田生态系统国家科学观测研究站,湖南长沙410125;2.青岛农业大学农业生态与环境健康研究所,山东青岛266109;3.中国科学院研究生院,北京100039)摘要:对不同稻草覆盖量处理下亚热带旱坡地红壤水分、温度变化和玉米不同生育期生理指标值的测定结果表明,在有旱无灾年
2、份,稻草覆盖可以明显地缓解表层(010cm)土壤含水量减少和调节土壤温度。稻草覆盖可减轻玉米旱害,其效果随着覆盖量的加大而越明显,但受干旱程度和生育期影响。拔节期遇旱,稻草覆盖可以维持-2玉米的生理活性,覆盖稻草15t!hm处理与其他处理之间存在显著性差异;但随生育期的推移和后期降雨频度的增加,各处理间玉米生理指标值差异减小,灌浆期和成熟期差异不明显。稻草覆盖可以增加玉米生物量和籽粒-2-2产量,覆盖稻草15t!hm处理(T3)生物量最大,覆盖稻草5t!hm处理(T1)产量最高,其原因主要是受旱时期为拔节期,造成处理T3贪青生长,但对处理T1后期生理机制影响不
3、大。关键词:稻草覆盖;红壤旱坡地;土壤水分;生理指标;夏玉米中图分类号:S181;S311文献标识码:A文章编号:1673-4831(2007)04-0018-06EffectofStrawMulchingonPhysiologicalAdjustmentandOutputofMaizeGrowingonSubtropicalRedSoilSl1,31,211,3opelandinDrySeason.LIUYingxin,WANGKairong,XIEXiaoli,SUYantao(1.NationalObservationStationof
4、TaoyuanAgroEcologySystem,InstituteofSubtropicalAgriculture,ChineseAcademyofSciences,Changsha410125,China;2.InstituteofAgricultureEcologicalandEnvironmentalHealth,QingdaoAgriculturalUniversity,Qingdao266109,China;3.GraduateSchoolofChineseAcademyofSciences,Beijing100039,China)Abstr
5、act:Resultsofdeterminationofsoilmoisture,soiltemperature,andphysiologicalcharacteristicsofmaizegrowinginplotsdifferentinmulchingtreatmentshowedthatstrawmulchingcouldminishtherangeofvariationofsoilmoistureandtemperatureinthesurfacesoillayerof0-10cm;thusmitigatingharmofdroughtonthecro
6、p.Thethickerthestrawmulching,themoresignificanttheeffect.Buttheeffectwaslimitedbysoilaridnessandgrowthstageofmaize.Forinstance,attheelongationstage,strawmulchingmaymaintainphysiologicalactivityofthecropandsignificantdifferenceinthis-2effectwasobservedbetweenTreatmentT3(15t!hm)andot
7、hertreatments.Butalongwithgrowthofthecropandincreasingfrequencyofrainfallthedifferencegraduallynarrowed.Atthemilkingandmaturingstages,theeffectwasinsignificant.Mulchingmayincreasetheyieldofbiomassandgrainsofthecrop.Intheexperiment,TreatmentT1(5t!-2hm)wasthehighestingrainyieldwhere
8、asTreatmentT3inbiom
