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1、植物学通报2006,23(2):158~163ChineseBulletinofBotany.实验简报.芥菜型油菜与白菜正反杂交的胚胎学研究1*21王丹王文和史滟氵预(1天津农学院园艺系天津300384)(2北京农学院园林系北京102206)摘要利用荧光技术对芥菜型油菜(Brassicajuncea)与白菜(B.pekinesis)种间正反杂交后花粉萌发和花粉管生长过程进行了观察。结果显示:芥菜型油菜与白菜正交授粉后,花粉在柱头上能正常萌发,多数花粉管沿花柱到达胚珠完成受精,且受精方式有珠孔受精、合点受精和中部受精,少量花粉管生长不正常,出现花粉管顶端膨大扭曲,花粉管分支等异常现象;反交
2、授粉后,花粉在柱头上萌发时柱头乳突细胞产生强烈胼胝质反应,影响花粉管生长,只有少量花粉管通过花柱到达胚珠完成受精。用石蜡切片技术观察了正反杂交后杂种的胚胎发育,正交杂种胚胎发育较早,胚和胚乳生长较正常,杂种胚一般均能发育至成熟;反交杂种胚发育至心型期便不能继续发育,胚乳也停滞在游离核阶段并最终败育。综合分析表明,芥菜型油菜与白菜正反杂交都存在一定程度的受精不亲和性。关键词白菜,芥菜型油菜,花粉管,胚胎发育,种间杂交EmbryologicResearchintoReciprocalCrossesBetweenBrassicajunceaandB.pekinesis1*21DanWang,W
3、enheWang,YanyuShi(1HorticultureofTianjinAgriculturalUniversity,Tianjin300384)(2DepartmentofLandscapeArchitecture,BeijingAgriculturalCollege,Beijing102206)AbstractWeusedfluorescenceobservationtoexaminepollengerminationandgrowthfollowingreciprocalcrossesbetweenBrassicajunceaandB.pekinesis.WhenB.jun
4、ceawasusedastheseedparent,thepollengrainsonthestigmacouldsproutasusual,andmostofthepollentubescouldreachtheovulethroughthestyleandfinishfertilization.Withfertilizationtype,porogamy,chalazogamyandmisogamyincluded,onlyafewpollentubesgrewpoorlyandgaverisetotheendbeingswollenandtwistedaswellasbranche
5、dpollentubes.WithB.pekinesisusedasaseedparent,thegrowthofthepollentubewasrestrained,soonlyalittletubecouldgointotheovuleandfertilizetheeggsbecauseofpapillacellswithstrongcalloseeffects.Thedevelopmentofahybridembryoderivedfromthereciprocalcrosseswasobservedbymeansoftheparaffin-cutsectionmethod.B.j
6、unceaandB.pekinesiscrossedembryosdevelopedearlyandingeneralgrewtomaturity,andthegrowthoftheembryoandendospermwasrelativelynormal,whereasintheB.pekinesisandB.junceahybridembryo,growthstoppedattheheart-shapedstageasdidgrowthoftheendospermatthedissolublenuclearstage,andfinallydisappearedintheseed.Th
7、us,B.junceaandB.pekinesisanditscrossesareincompatibletosomedegree.收稿日期:2005-10-17;接受日期:2005-12-15*通讯作者Authorforcorrespondence.E-mail:wd724@163.com2006王丹等:芥菜型油菜与白菜正反杂交的胚胎学研究159KeywordsBrassiapekinesis,pollentube,Brassic
