Kaufman-Beghetto-2009-Beyond-big-and-little-The-four-c-model-of-creativity.pdf

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1、ReviewofGeneralPsychology©2009AmericanPsychologicalAssociation2009,Vol.13,No.1,1121089-2680/09/$12.00DOI:10.1037/a0013688BeyondBigandLittle:TheFourCModelofCreativityJamesC.KaufmanRonaldA.BeghettoCaliforniaStateUniversityatSanBernardinoUniversityofOregonMostinvestigationsofcreativitytendtotakeoneoft

2、wodirections:everydaycreativity(alsocalledlittle-c),whichcanbefoundinnearlyallpeople,andeminentcreativity(alsocalledBig-C),whichisreservedforthegreat.Inthispaper,theauthorsproposeaFourCmodelofcreativitythatexpandsthisdichotomy.Specifically,theauthorsaddtheideaofmini-c,creativityinherentinthelearning

3、process,andPro-c,thedevelopmentalandeffortfulprogressionbeyondlittle-cthatrepresentsprofessional-levelexpertiseinanycreativearea.Theauthorsincludedifferenttransitionsandgradationsofthesefourdimensionsofcreativity,andthendiscussadvantagesandexamplesoftheFourCModel.Keywords:creativity,everydaycreativ

4、ity,genius,creativedevelopmentTwoseparateeventshelpedbringcreativitytotheforefrontofignoredoransweredintoomanydifferentways.Forexample,psychologyandtheUnitedStates.OneeventtookplaceatthePlucker,Beghetto,andDow(2004)selected90differentarticles1950meetingoftheAmericanPsychologicalAssociation,whenwith

5、thewordcreativityinthetitle(60fromthetwotopGuilford(1950)usedhispresidentialaddresstoarguethattheareacreativityjournals,and30frompeer-reviewedbusiness,education,ofcreativitywasanunderstudiedyetessentialfield.Creativityandpsychologyjournals).Ofthesepapers,only38%explicitlyresearch,Guilfordsaid,compri

6、sedonly.2%ofallpsychologicaldefinedwhatcreativitywas.Further,basicquestionsaboutcre-research;hechallengedthefieldtoincreasethisnumber.Althoughativitysnatureremainunderdebate.Iscreativityakeypartoftheimpactofthistalkcanbeeasilyoverstated,Guilfordscalltopositivepsychology,orisitrelatedtomentalillnessan

7、dotherarmsresonatedwithpsychologistsaroundtheworld(see,e.g.,negativehealthoutcomes?Howdoescreativityrelatetoother,essaysfrommostcountriesinTheInternationalHandbookonrelatedconstructs,suchaspersonalityandmot