FORMALISTIC TRADITIONS IN CHINA.pdf

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1、CHAPTER9FORMALISTICTRADITIONSINCHINAInthePopperiansense,thefailureofprogressiveeducationinPapuaNewGuineaprovidesarefutationofthepossibleuniversalinevitabilityofthepro-gressiveideasembeddedinthestagesmodelbecausethepredictedchangeshavenotoccurredandareunlikelytointheforeseeable

2、future.Whileitistheoreticallyandmethodologicallyimportant,arguablythisrefutationcouldbeoflittlepracticalconsequenceworldwidebecauseitcouldberejectedasasmallexamplethatislargelyirrelevantelsewhere;butnotsoChina.Chapter9reviewstheEnglishlanguageliteratureonChineseeducation,addin

3、gan-otherelementtothefalsifiabilityofthestagesbygeneralisingtherefutationtoshowthatmillennia-oldeducationalformsmakeunlikelytheadoptionofWesternmodelsofprogressiveeducationinChina.RecentresearchintoclassroomsonmainlandChinahasfoundanapparentlystableandwide-spreadapproachtoform

4、alisticclassroomteachinginprimaryandsecondaryschoolsthatissupportedbyinstitutionalisedpracticesforteacherstodevelopwithinthisstyle.InthePopperiansense,thecaseofPapuaNewGuineaprovidesarefutationofBeeby’sstagesmodelbecauseitdemonstratesthatthemodeldoesnothaveuni-versalapplicatio

5、n.But,withapopulationofsome5million,PapuaNewGuineacontainsunderone-tenthofonepercentoftheworld’spopulation.ArguablytherefutationcouldbeoflittleconsequenceonaworldscalebecausePapuaNewGuineacouldberejectedasaminorexamplethatislargelyirrelevanttotherestoftheworld;butnotsoChina.Wi

6、thatleast1.3billionpeople,China’sConfuciantraditionremainsastronginfluenceonHongKong,Japan,Korea,TaiwanandSingapore–altogethercontainingsomeone-quarteroftheworld’spopulation.ChinaaddsanotherelementtothefalsifiabilityofBeeby’sstagesbygeneralisingtherefutationtoacountrythatappea

7、rsverydifferentfromPapuaNewGuinea,butwhichalsohaslong-standingtraditionsinvolvingrevelatoryepistemologyandformalisticpedagogy.ThischapterwillsketchinthehistoryoftheancientConfucianeducationalparadigmthatpervadesmodernclassrooms.AmajordifferencebetweenChineseG.Guthrie,TheProgre

8、ssiveEducationFallacyinDevelopingCountries:InFavour173ofForma