Bohlen et al.，1987- thermometry and barometry of igneous and.pdf

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1、Ann.Rev.EarthPlanet.Sci.1987.15:397-420Copyright©1987hyAnnualReviewsTne.AllrightsreservedTHERMOMETRYANDBAROMETRYOFIGNEOUSANDMETAMORPHICROCKSStevenR.BohlenandDonaldH.LindsleyDepartmentofEarthandSpaceSciences,StateUniversityofNewYork,StonyBrook,NewYork11794INTRODUCTI

2、ONGeothermometryandgeobarometryrefertothescienceofinferringthetemperaturesandpressuresatwhicharockcrystallizedfromthechemicalcompositionsandphysicalstate(orboth)ofoneormoreofthemineralswithinit.Thispaperdiscussesthethermometryandbarometryofigneousandmetamorphicrock

3、s.Severalkindsofreactionscanbecalibratedforthesepurposes:1.Univariantreactions(inwhichallphaseshaveessentiallyfixedcompositions);perhapsthebestknownisthegraphite-diamondtransition(aphasechange).la.Displacedreactionsorequilibriainwhichoneormorephaseshavevariablecomp

4、ositions,andthevarianceisthereforegreaterthanone.byVrijeUniversiteit-Amsterdam-Libraryon06/01/11.Forpersonaluseonly.Suchdisplacedreactionsarepotentiallyveryuseful,foroncetheAnnu.Rev.EarthPlanet.Sci.1987.15:397-420.Downloadedfromwww.annualreviews.orgeffectsofthecomp

5、ositionalvariationsareaccountedfor,theycanprovideinformationoverarangeofpressuresandtemperatures.2.Exchangethermometers,inwhichthedistributionoftwoelementsbetweentwophasesistemperaturedependent.3.Solvusequilibria,inwhichthesolubilityofacomponentinaphaseistemperatur

6、edependent(orlesscommonlypressuredependent).4.Saturationsurfaces,whichmarktheconditions-includingtemperatureandpressure-underwhichameltbecomessaturatedwithaparticularphase.3970084-6597/87/0515-0397$02.00398BOHLEN&LINDSLEYBecausemostofthesereactionsaresensitivetobot

7、hpressureandtemperature,weuseherethetermthermobarometerforthegeneralcase.Theapplicationofthesemethodstothermobarometryinvolvesanumberofassumptions,someofwhicharealmostmutuallyincompatible.(a)Thebasicreactionorequilibriummustbewellcalibrated,eitherthroughexperimenta

8、lorthermochemicaldata(orboth).(b)Theeffectsofothercomponentscanbeaccountedforthroughsuitablesolutionmodels.(c)Themineralsintherockwereinequilibri