信息通信与网络技术基础总结

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1、1.Datacommunicationistheexchangeofdatabetweendevicesviasomeformoftransmissionmedium.2.Datacommunicationsystemcomponentsaremessage,sender,receiver,mediumandprotocol.ProtocolisasetofrulesthatgoverndatacommunicationMessageistheinformation(data)tobecommunicated.Sende

2、risthedevicethatsendsthedatamessage.ReceiveristhedevicethatreceivesthemessageMediumisthephysicalpathbywhichamessagetravelsfromsendertoreceiver3.Anetworkisasetofdevices(oftenreferredtoasnodes)connectedbymedialinks4.Reliability:frequencyoffailurerecoverytimeafteraf

3、ailurecatastrophe5.Aprotocolisasetofrulesthatgoverndatacommunication.thekeyelementsofaprotocolare:syntaxsemanticstiming6.Standards:Defacto/byfactDejure/bylaw7.ISO:TheInternationalStandardsOrganizationITU-T:TheInternationalTelecommunicationUnion-TelecommunicationS

4、tandardsSectorANSI:TheAmericanNationalStandardsInstituteIEEE:TheInstituteofElectricalandElectronicsEngineersEIA:TheElectronicsIndustriesAssociation8.Lineconfiguration:Point-to-point:wiredorwirelessMultipoint9.Topology:MeshStarBusTreeRingPeer-to-peer:Thedevicessha

5、rethelinkequallyPrimary-Secondary:WhereonedevicecontrolstrafficandtheothermusttransmitthroughitPeer-to-peer:MeshRingBusPrimary-Secondary:StarTreeBus10.TransmissionMode:SimplexHalf-duplexFull-duplexSimplexmode:onestationcantransmit,theothercanonlyreceiveHalf-duple

6、xmode:Eachstationcanbothtransmitandreceive,butnotatthesametime.Full-duplexmode:Bothstationscantransmitandreceivesimultaneously11.TheOpenSystemInterconnection(OSI)modelisalayeredframeworkforthedesignofnetworksystemthatallowsforcommunicationacrossalltypesofcomputer

7、systems.OSImodelhas7layers:PhysicalDatalinkNetworkTransportationSessionPresentationApplication12.Peertopeerprocesses:Theprocessesoneachmachinethatcommunicateatagivenlayerarecalledpeer-to-peerprocesses.Thiscommunicationisgovernedbyanagree-uponseriesofrulesandconve

8、ntionscallprotocolsThe7layersaredividedinto3groups:thenetworksupportlayers(1,2,3)usersupportlayers(5,6,7)linktheabovesubgroups(4)13.fig.3.3Theprocessstartsfrom