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1、PrefaceThisbookisacomprehensivecollectionrepresentingmostofthetheoreticalandexperimentaldevelopmentsofthelastdecadeinthefieldofquantumestimationofstatesandoperations.Thoughthefieldisfairlynew,ithasalreadybeenrecognizedasanecessarytoolforresearchersinquantumopticsand
2、quantuminformation.Thesubjecthasafundamentalinterestofitsown,sinceitconcernstheexperimentalcharacterizationofthequantumstate,thebasicobjectofthequantumdescriptionofphysicalsystems.Moreover,quantumestimationtechniqueshavebeenreceivingattentionfortheircrucialroleint
3、hecharacterizationofregistersatthequantumlevel,whichitselfisabasictoolinthedevelopmentofquantuminformationtechnology.Thefieldisnowmatureandastablepartofmanygraduatecurricula,butonlyafewreviewpapershavebeenpublishedinrecentyears,andnocomprehensivevolumewiththeoretic
4、alandexperimentalcontributionshaseverappeared.Weanticipatereadersintheareasoffundamentalquantummechanics,quantumandnonlinearoptics,quantuminformationtheory,com-municationengineering,imagingandpatternrecognition.Aseditors,wewishtothankBergeEnglertforencouragementan
5、dsup-port,andalltheauthorsfortheircontributions,whichwilladvanceboththespecificfieldandthegeneralappreciationofit.Theireffortsandthesignif-icanttimetheyspentpreparingthechaptersaremuchappreciated.WearealsogratefultoJanineO’GuinnoftheUniversityofOregonforherexcel-lent
6、workincopy-editingthevolume.Finally,letusacknowledgesupportfromECprojectIST-2000-29681,andCzechMinistryofEducationprojectLN00A015.MilanoandOlomouc,MatteoGAParisApril2004JaroslavRehˇa´cekˇContents1IntroductionMatteoG.A.Paris,JaroslavReh´aˇcekˇ......................
7、.......1PartIQuantumEstimation2QuantumTomographicMethodsG.MauroD’Ariano,MatteoG.A.Paris,MassimilianoF.Sacchi.....93Maximum-LikelihoodMethodsinQuantumMechanicsZdenˇekHradil,JaroslavReh´aˇcek,Jarom´ırFiur´aˇsek,MiroslavJeˇzekˇ...634QubitQuantumStateTomographyJoseph.
8、B.Altepeter,DanielF.V.James,PaulG.Kwiat............1175UnknownQuantumStatesandOperations,aBayesianViewChristopherA.FuchsandR¨udigerSchack...............
