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1、生态学杂志ChineseJournalofEcology摇2011,30(8):1766-1774摇摇摇摇摇摇摇摇摇摇摇摇摇*长白山云冷杉群落主要种群生态位特征1,21**刘摇巍摇曹摇伟12(中国科学院沈阳应用生态研究所,沈阳110016;中国科学院研究生院,北京100049)摘摇要摇应用TWINSPAN将23块长白山云冷杉林样方划分为8个群落类型,以此作为一维资源位,应用Levins、Hurlbert生态位宽度公式和Pianka生态位重叠公式对长白山云冷杉林群落12种主要乔木、13种主要灌木和18种主要草本植物的生态位特征进行分析。结果表明:(
2、1)乔木层中,臭冷杉、鱼鳞云杉具有最大的生态位宽度,它们是该区森林群落的主要建群种。灌木层中,瘤枝卫矛与几种槭树的生态位宽度较大。草本层中,粗茎鳞毛蕨、山酢浆草、二叶舞鹤草具有较大的生态位宽度。表明它们广布于云冷杉林郁闭的林冠下,对环境适应能力强。(2)生态位宽的种群可能产生较小的生态位重叠,生态位较窄的种群间也会产生较大的生态位重叠,这主要取决于物种的生物学特性和对环境资源的需求。(3)从生态位重叠分布格局来看,主要植物种群的生态位重叠较为普遍,但主要集中在较低水平,表明群落内因利用相同资源或占有同一资源而产生的种间竞争并不激烈,对环境资源的共
3、享比较充分,长白山云冷杉群落处于相对稳定阶段。关键词摇长白山;云冷杉林;生态位宽度;生态位重叠中图分类号摇Q948.1摇文献标识码摇A摇文章编号摇1000-4890(2011)8-1766-09Nichecharacteristicsofmainplantspeciesinspruce鄄firforestsinChangbaiMountains.1,21**1LIUWei,CAOWei(InstituteofAppliedEcology,ChineseAcademyofSciences,Shenyang2110016,China;Graduate
4、UniversityofChineseAcademyofSciences,Beijing110049,China).ChineseJournalofEcology,2011,30(8):1766-1774.Abstract:ByusingTWINSPAN,the23samplingplotsofspruce鄄firforestsinChangbaiMountainsweredividedintoeightcommunitytypes,and,takingthisdivisionasone鄄dimensionalresourcestate,then
5、ichecharacteristicsof12maintrees,13mainshrubs,and18mainherbsinthespruce鄄firforestcommunitieswereanalyzedbyusingLevinsandHurlbertformulaeofnichebreadthandPiankaformulaofnicheoverlap.Intreelayer,AbiesnephrolepisandPiceajezoensishadthebiggestnichebreadth,andwerethemainconstructi
6、vespeciesoftheforestcommunitiesinthisregion.Inshrublayer,EuonymuspauciflorusandAcerssp.hadlargernichebreadththanotherspecies.Inherblayer,Dryopteriscrassirhizoma,Oxalisacetosella,andMaianthemumbifo鄄liumhadhighernichebreadth,showingthatthesespecieswidelydistributedunderthedense
7、canopyoftheforests,andhadstrongcapabilitytoadapttotheenvironment.Thepopulationswithlargernichebreadthcouldproducesmallernicheoverlap,whilethosewithsmallernichebreadthwouldhavelargernicheoverlap,mainlydependingonthebiologicalcharacteristicsofplantspe鄄ciesandtheirdemandsforenvi
8、ronmentalresources.Fromtheviewpointofthedistributionpatternofnicheov
