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1、OPTICALNETWORKSANDTECHNOLOGIESIFIP–TheInternationalFederationforInformationProcessingIFIPwasfoundedin1960undertheauspicesofUNESCO,followingtheFirstWorldComputerCongressheldinParisthepreviousyear.Anumbrellaorganizationforsocietiesworkingininformationprocessing,IFIP’saimist
2、wo-fold:tosupportinformationprocessingwithinitsmembercountriesandtoencouragetechnologytransfertodevelopingnations.Asitsmissionstatementclearlystates,IFIP’smissionistobetheleading,trulyinternational,apoliticalorganizationwhichencouragesandassistsinthedevelopment,exploitati
3、onandapplicationofinformationtechnologyforthebenefitofallpeople.IFIPisanon-profitmakingorganization,runalmostsolelyby2500volunteers.Itoperatesthroughanumberoftechnicalcommittees,whichorganizeeventsandpublications.IFIP’seventsrangefromaninternationalcongresstolocalseminars
4、,butthemostimportantare:TheIFIPWorldComputerCongress,heldeverysecondyear;Openconferences;Workingconferences.TheflagshipeventistheIFIPWorldComputerCongress,atwhichbothinvitedandcontributedpapersarepresented.Contributedpapersarerigorouslyrefereedandtherejectionrateishigh.As
5、withtheCongress,participationintheopenconferencesisopentoallandpapersmaybeinvitedorsubmitted.Again,submittedpapersarestringentlyrefereed.Theworkingconferencesarestructureddifferently.Theyareusuallyrunbyaworkinggroupandattendanceissmallandbyinvitationonly.Theirpurposeistoc
6、reateanatmosphereconducivetoinnovationanddevelopment.Refereeingislessrigorousandpapersaresubjectedtoextensivegroupdiscussion.PublicationsarisingfromIFIPeventsvary.ThepaperspresentedattheIFIPWorldComputerCongressandatopenconferencesarepublishedasconferenceproceedings,while
7、theresultsoftheworkingconferencesareoftenpublishedascollectionsofselectedandeditedpapers.AnynationalsocietywhoseprimaryactivityisininformationmayapplytobecomeafullmemberofIFIP,althoughfullmembershipisrestrictedtoonesocietypercountry.Fullmembersareentitledtovoteattheannual
8、GeneralAssembly,Nationalsocietiespreferringalesscommittedinvolvementmayapplyforassociateorcorres