资源描述：
《rest_a_00024new》由会员上传分享，免费在线阅读，更多相关内容在教育资源-天天文库。
1、LONG-RUNHEALTHIMPACTSOFINCOMESHOCKS:WINEANDPHYLLOXERAINNINETEENTH-CENTURYFRANCEAbhijitBanerjee,EstherDuflo,GillesPostel-Vinay,andTimWatts*Abstract—Between1863and1890,phylloxeradestroyed40%ofFrenchtheNetherlands,thoseborninslumpshavelowerlifevineyards.Usingtheregionalvariationinthetimingofthissh
2、ock,weexpectancythanthoseborninbooms.However,aconcernidentifyandexaminetheeffectsonadultheight,health,andlifeexpect-ancyofchildrenbornintheyearsandregionsaffectedbythephylloxera.withusingjusttimevariationisthatitmightreflectotherTheshockdecreasedlong-runheight,butitdidnotaffectotherdimen-time-s
3、pecificelements,suchasthequalityofpublicser-sionsofhealth,includinglifeexpectancy.Wefindthatthoseborninvices,therelativepriceofdifferentnutrients,orevenaffectedregionswereabout1.8millimetersshorterthanothersatage20,asignificanteffectsinceaverageheightsgrewbyonly2centimetersintheconditionsinadulth
4、ood.Tofillthisgap,thispapertakesentirenineteenthcentury.advantageofthephylloxeracrisisinnineteenth-centuryFrance,which,wewillargue,generatedanegativelargeI.Introductionincomeshockthataffecteddifferentdepartments(regionalOORenvironmentalconditionsinuteroandduringareasroughlysimilarinsizetoU.S.co
5、unties)inFranceinPearlychildhoodhavebeenshowntohaveadversecon-differentyears,combinedwiththerichdataonheightandsequencesonlaterlifeoutcomes,includinglifeexpectancy,healthcollectedbytheFrenchmilitaryadministration.height,cognitiveability,andproductivity(Barker,1992).1Phylloxera,aninsectthatatta
6、ckstherootsofvines,Importantinfluencesincludethediseaseenvironment(Al-destroyedasignificantportionofFrenchvineyardsinthemond,2006),thepublichealthinfrastructure(Almond&secondhalfofthenineteenthcentury.Between1863,whenChay,2005),foodavailability(see,e.g.,Almondetal.,itfirstappearedinsouthernFrance
7、,and1890,whenvine-2006,andMeng&Qian,2009,onthegreatChinesefamine,yardswerereplantedwithhybridvines(FrenchstemswereandRosebloometal.,2001,andRavellietal.,2001,onthegraftedontophylloxera-resistantAmericanroots),phyl-Dutchfamineof1944–1945
